Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The citric acid cycle (TCA) consists of reactions in which the initial product is pyruvate. The TCA consists of a series of reactions that occurs in the aerobic organisms. This cycle helps the organisms to release energy that is derived from the organic nutrients.
Pyruvate comes from glycolysis reaction and splits into two acetyl coenzyme-A molecules when enters into the cycle. The final product of this cycle is oxaloacetate (OAA), where NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is produced.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The consumption of acetyl-CoA by the citric acid cycle is DECREASED under which condition?
A. the concentration of NAD+ being high
B. the concentration of oxaloacetate being high
C. NADH being rapidly re-oxidized via the electron-transport chain
D. the mitochondrial ATP synthase being inactive
E. the concentration of both NAD+ and oxaloacetate being high
a) What is the process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox (chemical) reactions called? How many ATPs generated through this process from one Glucose molecule? b) What does cellular respiration accomplish for the cell? c) What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis? Why does it need to get into the mitochondria? d) Write the role of O2 in cellular respiration. e) What happens to our body’s enzyme activity during fever? f) What is the difference between apo-enzyme and holo-enzyme? g) What is meant by the term specificity in relation to enzyme activity? h) If humans evolved from apes, why are there still apes? i) What are the risk factors of type 2 diabetes? j) Why was Lamarck wrong about giraffes?
A key enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle is isocitrate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate.
Given your understanding of the Citric Acid Cycle, how is the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase likely regulated?
A.
It is activated when fermentation starts.
B.
It is activated when the levels of NADH are low relative to NAD+.
C.
It is activated when levels of ATP are high relative to ADP.
D.
It is inhibited by high levels of pyruvate.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- The oxygen (O2) consumed during aerobic cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP B)accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C)glycolysis D)the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA E)the citric acid cycle 12.arrow_forwardWhich of the given process does not occur in mitochondria? a.Formation of acetyl CoA b.Oxidation of NADH + Ht c.Citric acid formation d.Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetaldehydearrow_forwardA total of 32 mol of ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of glucose in the liver. Indicate the number of these moles of ATP produced by a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle c. the electron transport chain and oxidative d. phosphorylationarrow_forward
- Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration. A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation. B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation. C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation. D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.arrow_forwardWhich of these is not true of the citric acid cycle?a. The citric acid cycle includes the prep reaction.b. The citric acid cycle produces ATP by substrate-level ATPsynthesis.c. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria.d. The citric acid cycle produces two ATP per glucose molecule.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? A. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix B. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol C. Electron transport chain and ATP synthase are in the cytosol D. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria matrixarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning the location of the metabolic pathways is correct? a. All reactions of the glycolysis take place in the mitochondria. b. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the mitochondria. c. Some reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria. d. Some reactions of the glycolysis take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria.arrow_forwarda. Starting with acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize a 14 C fatty acid? A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 b. How many FADH2 molecules will be obtained from the complete oxidation of Myristic acid to CO2 ? A. 13 B. 11 C. 15 D. 17 c. If the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid result in the production of 82 ATP molecules, how many ATP molecules will be obtained from a mono-unsaturated fatty acid of similar length? A. 80.5 B. 82 C. 84.5 D. 83.5arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE of the electron transport chain (ETC)? A. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the formation of a proton (H+) gradient. B. The movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the movement of ADP and phosphate through ATP synthase. D. The movement of H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC.arrow_forward
- The oxidation of NADH is favorable because it involves: a) Separation of like charges. b) Conversion of non-polar to polar bonds. c) Increased resonance. d) Conversion of liquid to gas.arrow_forwardIf the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is inhibited: a. the production of ATP would decreases but the production of electron carriers would be unaffected b. the concentration of pyruvate would decrease c. the citric acid cycle will not be affected d. ATP production in the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation will increase e. the concentration of acetyl Co A would decreasearrow_forwardThe direct products from the citric acid cycle are ________. a. temporary electron storage compounds b. final products of cellular respiration c. formed from the direct consumption of oxygenarrow_forward
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