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(a)
Interpretation:
Between
Concept Introduction:
Boiling point:
Boiling is a form of evaporation where the conversion from the liquid state to vapor state occurs within the body of the liquid through bubble formation.
A normal boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid boils under a pressure of
London force:
London force is a type of weak intermolecular force that has an effect on boiling point. This weak temporary force occurs between two atoms or molecules (polar or non-polar)
The cause of London force is the temporary uneven distribution of electrons causing induced polarity. The strength of the London force depends on how easily a molecule can be distorted or polarized by the polarity present in another molecule. For the large molecules the outermost electrons are far from nucleus and as the result the attractive forces of nucleus acting on them are very weak and hence the outermost electrons can be easily polarized. Hence the induced polar molecule and the polar molecule will attract each other more.
Thus the molecules having higher mass have higher boiling point.
(b)
Interpretation:
Between
Concept Introduction:
Boiling point:
Boiling is a form of evaporation where the conversion from the liquid state to vapor state occurs within the body of the liquid through bubble formation.
A normal boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid boils under a pressure of
Dipole-dipole interaction:
Dipole- dipole interactions are the strong intermolecular interaction that causes between two polar molecules.
In polar molecules there will be a force of attraction between the positive end and the negative end. Hence the molecules having higher electronegativity difference i.e. having more polarity will have higher dipole-dipole intermolecular attraction acting between them and as a result the boiling point will increase.
(c)
Interpretation:
Between
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen bonding:
Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular force. This is an extra strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small electronegative atom mainly
The vapor pressure of liquids having significant hydrogen bonding are much lower than those liquids having no hydrogen bonding. Because of presence of extensive hydrogen bonding the liquid molecules face difficulty to escape from the condensed state and additional energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds and go to the vapor state and as a result the liquids having extensive hydrogen bonding have higher boiling points.
Dipole-dipole interaction:
Dipole- dipole interactions are the strong intermolecular interaction that causes between two polar molecules.
In polar molecules there will be a force of attraction between the positive end and the negative end. Hence the molecules having higher electronegativity difference i.e. having more polarity will have higher dipole-dipole intermolecular attraction acting between them and as a result the boiling point will increase.
(d)
Interpretation:
Between
Concept Introduction:
Dipole-dipole interaction:
Dipole- dipole interactions are the strong intermolecular interaction that causes between two polar molecules.
In polar molecules there will be a force of attraction between the positive end and the negative end. Hence the molecules having higher electronegativity difference i.e. having more polarity will have higher dipole-dipole intermolecular attraction acting between them and as a result the boiling point will increase.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- Consider a solution which is 0.10 M in CH3COOH and 0.20 M in NaCH3coo. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. If a small amount of NaOH is added, the pH decreases very slightly. B. If NaOH is added, the OH- ions react with the CH3CO0 ions. C. If a small amount of HCl is added, the pH decreases very slightly. D. If HCI is added, the H* ions react with CH3COOH ions. E. If more CH3COOH is added, the pH increases.arrow_forwardWhich of the following compounds would be most soluble in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4? a. NH3 d. CH3OHb. H2O e. C6H6c. HClarrow_forwardWhich of the followings statements is false considering the properties of alkaloids: Select one: a. Some alkaloids are colored, like berberine (orange) and sanguinarine (yellow) b. Caffeine, cocaine, codeine and nicotine are water soluble, whereas others, including morphine and yohimbine are highly water soluble c. Most alkaloids contain oxygen in their molecular structure; those compounds are usually colorless crystals at ambient conditions d. Many alkaloids dissolve poorly in water but readily dissolve in organic solvents, such as diethyl ether, chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane e. Most alkaloids have a bitter taste or are poisonous when ingestedarrow_forward
- Shown below is the titration curve for phosphoric acid. At what pH is the solution entirely in the H3PO4 form? 0-0.5 14 12.5 O2.1 NICHarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. hydronium ion b. acid c. base d. Ka e. pKaarrow_forwardUsing the figure, answer the following questions.a. What is the molar composition of the vapor in equilibrium with a boilingliquid that has a composition of 60% A and 40% B?b. A sample of vapor has the composition 50% A and 50% B. What is the composition of the boiling liquid that produced this vapor?arrow_forward
- Cao (s) (calcium oxide) is the main ingredient of concrete. While mixing Cao with water, the mixture gets hotter rapidly by its own. The chemical equation of the reaction is given below. Cao (s) + H20 (liq) > Ca(OH)2 (s) Based on the above information, which of the following is correct for the above process to mix Cao (s) with water. O a. AH> 0, AS> 0, AG0, AG 0 , ΔS> 0 , ΔG>0 O e. AH0, AG>0 O f. AH 0arrow_forwardWhich of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydroxyl ions [OH-]? Select one: a. lemon juice at pH 2 O b. vinegar at pH 3 O c. tomato juice at pH 4 O d. urine at pH 6 e. seawater at pH 8arrow_forwardRefer to chemical equation shown here to explain why carbon dioxide dissolved in water acts as a buffer. H2O+CO2<>H2CO3<>H++HCO3arrow_forward
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