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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in
Concept Introduction:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule. There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
- Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
- Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
- London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
- The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,
(b)
Interpretation:
The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in
Concept Introduction:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule. There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
- Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
- Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
- London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
- The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,
(c)
Interpretation:
The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in
Concept Introduction:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule. There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
- Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
- Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
- London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
- The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,
(d)
Interpretation:
The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in
Concept Introduction:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule. There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
- Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
- Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
- London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
- The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,
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Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Cocaine (C17H21O4N; Figure 2) is a natural substance found in leaves of the coca plant, which have been used for centuries as a local anaesthetic and stimulant. Illegal cocaine arrives in the USA either as the pure compound or as the hydrochloride salt (C17H21O4NHCl). At 25oC, the salt is very soluble in water (2.50 kg/L), but pure cocaine is much less so (1.70 g/L)What is the maximum amount of the salt (in gram) that can dissolve in 50.0 mL of water?When a 25 mL aqueous solution that contains 62.50 g of the salt is treated with NaOH, the salt is converted to pure cocaine. How much water (in litres) is needed additionally to dissolve the formed pure cocaine?arrow_forwardWhen a mixture of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate is incubated at 25°C in the presence of the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (which catalyzes the intervconversion of the two substances) until equilibrium is reached, the final mixture contains 6 times as much 2-phosphoglycerate as 3-phosphoglycerate. Which of the following statements is most nearly correct when applied to the reaction shown below: 3-phosphoglycerate ------> 2-phosphoglycerate (R=8.315 J/mole.K) A. △G°' = +12.7 kJ/mole B. △G°' = 0 C. △G°' is incalculably large and positive D. △G°' = -4.44 kJ/mole E. △G°' cannot be calculated from the information gvenarrow_forwardGiven the titration curve of the hypothetical polyprotic acid X at 0.100 M concentration (pKa1=4.0, pKa2=8.0, pKa3=12.0) titrated with 0.600 M NaOH, identify the pH at point C, H, E, and M.arrow_forward
- V and K are constants that are > 0, explain why the units of K and V are μm and μm/s respectively?arrow_forwardThe amino acid glycine is often used as an ingredient in buffers for biochemistry experiments. The amino group of glycine has a pKa of 9.6. Glycine exists in either a protonated form (-NH3+) or a free base (-NH₂). a) In what pH range can glycine be used as an effective buffer? b) In a 0.1M solution of glycine at pH 9.0, what fraction has its amino group in the protonated form? c) When 99% of the glycine is in the protonated from, what is the numerical relation between the pH of the solution and the pKa of the amino group?arrow_forwardConvert the following Fischer structures into cyclic Haworth structures:arrow_forward
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