CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135191811
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
What will be the result of decreasing the
Concept introduction:
After the completion of the electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation happens on the basis of the chemiosmosis which states that an
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12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below.
114
ATP synthase
matrix
intermembrane space
Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg
Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion.
(Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.)
4+
b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through
ATP synthase.
c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would
that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP
production from glucose?
. Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations?
6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O
C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O
As protons (H+) pass through the mitochondria inner membrane…
Question 10 options:
a)
Protons follow their concentration gradient.
b)
All the potential energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into ATP.
c)
Some of the potential energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into ATP and some is released as heat (i.e., unusable energy).
d)
Protons go up in potential energy level and ∆G > 0.
e)
A and C
Chapter 7 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
Ch. 7.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 7.1 - Name and describe the two ways in which ATP is...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.2 - During step 6 in Figure 7.9, which molecule acts...Ch. 7.3 - Name the molecules that conserve most of the...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 7.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an...Ch. 7.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.6 - WHAT IF? During intense exercise, can a muscle...Ch. 7 - The immediate energy source that drives ATP...Ch. 7 - Which metabolic pathway is common to both...Ch. 7 - In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions A. are...Ch. 7 - The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 7 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 7 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 7 - Most co, from catabolism is released during A....Ch. 7 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 7 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION ATP synthases are found in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 13TYU
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- PFor each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption and ATP synthesis to increase, decrease or remain the same (respectively). Assume there is plenty of O₂ around. (a) Succinate is suddenly added to mitochondria that have no other oxidizable substrates (Assume that there are ADP and Pi in mitochondria). (b) ADP is not allowed to pass into the mitochondrial matrix. (c) 2,4 Dinitrophenol (an uncoupler) is added.arrow_forward5a. What is the difference between high and very high energy bond molecules? Give 2 examples of each. 5b. What is the total number of H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria by complexes I, II and III for every 2 electrons movement? What would be the total amount of ATP synthesized (explain)?arrow_forwardHow much energy is required to pump a mole of protons in a mitochondria with the following conditions? pH of matrix = 8.2, pH of intermembrane space 7.4, membrane potential of - 65 mV (N-side relative to P-side), temperature = 37C. Express answer to the nearest 0.1 kJ/mole.arrow_forward
- If isolated mitochondria are incubated with asource of electrons such as succinate, but without oxygen,electrons enter the respiratory chain, reducing each of theelectron carriers almost completely. When oxygen is thenintroduced, the carriers become oxidized at different rates(Figure Q14–1). How does this result allow you to order the electron carriers in the respiratory chain? What is theirorder?arrow_forwardIt has been estimated that mitochondria occupy 20% of the volume in the human body. For a 70- kg adult, the average number of mitochondria has been estimated to be 1 × 10 (10,000 trillion). Using this information, provide a rough estimate of the average mass of a mitochondrion.arrow_forward1- (True or False) All cells have a plasma membrane comprised of phospholipids, cholesterol, and membrane proteins, but plants cells have an additional external cell wall made primarily of cellulose. 2- (True or False) Deoxyribose lacks an oxygen bound to the 2` carbon when compared to ribose. 3-(True or False) An initial step of photosynthesis is to utilize the sun’s energy to split water molecules into their component hydrogen and oxygen atoms. 4- (True or False) Adjacent nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds that form between the –OH group on the 3` carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5` carbon on the next.arrow_forward
- When pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mitochondria along with ADP, P, antimycin A, and oxygen, the cytochrome c becomes oxidized, and ATP is formed, with a P/o ratio approaching 1.0. (a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system. (b) Why was antimycin A added? (c) What does this experiment tell you about the location of cou- pling sites for oxidative phosphorylation? (d) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction (including cyt c oxidation and ATP synthesis).arrow_forwardc) The pH values of the different compartments are shown below: Matrix Intermembrane space Cytosol pH 7.8 – 8.0 pH ~ 7.0pH 7.0 – 7.4 How can you explain these values in terms of what is known about mitochondrial function?arrow_forwardThe following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons auch that ATP synthesis could occur if ATP synthase were present? (Gold spheres represent protons.) 圈圈圈圈圈 A B D E OA OB OC OD OE intermembrane space Anner membrane matriearrow_forward
- Match each item with the correct statement below concerning the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. You can choose a selection more than once. Question 61 options: Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix? What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion? What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain? In what order are the components of the chain arranged? Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water? What is the first protein complex of the chain? What moves into the intermembrane space? What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain? 1. increasing electronegativity 2. decreasing electronegativity 3. ATP 4. oxygen 5. protons 6. NADH/FADH2 7. NADH dehydrogenasearrow_forwardWhat would be the expected pHs of the matrix and intermembranespace of the mitochondrion? What about the stroma and thylakoidlumen of the chloroplast? Explain your answers.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows an illustration of a mitochondrian. Mustration of a mitochondrion Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion? A B с D The shape of the mitochondrion Increases its material-exchange efficiency by maximiz ing its overall volume relative to its surface area. The double-membrane structure of the mitochondrion allows it to maintain its relatively acidic environment in which nutrients can be digested. The folds of the mitochondrion Inner membrane increase its material-exchange effi- ciency by maximizing its surface area relative to its volume. The specific structure of the mitochondrion Inner membrane allows it to correctly guide the folding of proteins into their functional shape.arrow_forward
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