BIOLOGY: DYNAMIC SCIENCE W/MINDTAP 12 M
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305934160
Author: Russell
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 7.4, Problem 2SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The way proton pumps of the complexes I, III, and IV relate to the synthesis of ATP.
Introduction:
The mitochondrial electron transfer system comprises a series of electron carriers which alternately pick up and produce electrons, and finally transfer them to their acceptor, the final electron acceptor is oxygen. This system comprises three primary protein complexes that provide the electron carriers. These protein complexes are numbered as I, III, and IV and are known as the integral membrane proteins.
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The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes?
If a cell contained ATP and Na+, but K+ was missing from the extracellular medium, how far through these steps could theNa+/K+-ATPase proceed?
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGY: DYNAMIC SCIENCE W/MINDTAP 12 M
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP synthase produces ATP.List three locations in which ATP synthases are found.arrow_forwardIn the absence of a proton gradient, ATP synthase rotates in reverse. Based upon your knowledge of the binding/exchange model, this would result in: Release of ADP + Pi by one subunit, stabilization of ADP + Pi by the second subunit and binding of ATP by the third subunit. Release of ATP by one subunit, stabilization of ATP by the second subunit and binding of ADP + Pi by a third subunit. Release of ATP by one subunit, release of ADP + Pi by the second subunit and binding of ATP by the third subunit. Binding of ATP to all three subunits. Release of ATP, ADP and Pi from all subunitsarrow_forwardDescribe the reactions that convert IMP to ATP and GTP.arrow_forward
- Briefly explain how Na+/K+ ATPase works?arrow_forwardExplain how endergonic reactions can be coupled with exergonic reactions utilizing ATP, so that they still occur spontaneously in the cell.arrow_forwardThe ADP/ATP carrier, which exchanges cytoplasmic ADP and mitochondrial ATP, can also function as a passive proton transporter. a. Would the carrier protein augment or diminish the protonmotive force? b. Researchers found that nucleotide transport inhibits proton transport by the carrier protein. Could this competitive effect help link the rate of oxidative phosphorylation to the cell’s need for ATP?arrow_forward
- Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardProcesses taking place in the mitochondrion convert the chemical potential energy of NADH into the chemical potential energy of ATP. A proton concentration gradient (Δ[H+]) is part of this process. Describe exactly where this gradient is located, and how the gradient is produced. In terms of the gradient, where is the higher [H+] and where is the lower [H+]?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of using ATP as a common energy source?Another way of asking this question is, “Why does ATP provide anadvantage over using a bunch of different food molecules?” For example,instead of just having a Na+/K+-ATPase in a cell, why not have manydifferent ion pumps, each driven by a different food molecule, like aNa+/K+-glucosase (a pump that uses glucose), a Na+/K+-sucrase (a pumpthat uses sucrose), a Na+/K+-fatty acidase (a pump that uses fatty acids),and so on?arrow_forward
- Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How would that situation affect the protonmotive force?arrow_forwardExplain the role and functioning of chaperone proteins. Explain, why several chaperones (chaperonins) possess an ATPase activity?arrow_forwardIf a bacterium has 12 c-subunits in its ATP synthase and a yeast (eukaryotic) has 10 c-subunits in its ATP synthase, which would have more ATP per mole glucose available for processes that require ATP in the cytoplasm? Calculate the amounts of ATP produced per H+ transferred to explain your answer.arrow_forward
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