BIOLOGY: DYNAMIC SCIENCE W/MINDTAP 12 M
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305934160
Author: Russell
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 7, Problem 11TYK
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Cells use primarily two ways of storing potential energy: 1) as concentration gradients and 2) in molecules. A) Explain how energy can be stored in these two forms and how it can be used to do other work. B) Propose an analogy that can explain each of these forms of energy storage using everyday items.
The figure above represents changes in different types of metabolic pathways (y-axis) as energy charge in a cell (x-axis) changes. What is the best description of the types of reactions shown by the green line labeled "A"?
a) Catabolic, energy-consuming pathways
b) Anabolic, energy-consuming pathways
c) Anabolic, energy-producing pathways
d) Catabolic, energy-producing pathways
The movement of energy between living organisms is a matter of atoms, molecules and compounds being built into larger molecules or being broke into smaller ones. Reviewing the two equations for energy transference, which one is building energy?
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGY: DYNAMIC SCIENCE W/MINDTAP 12 M
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- When energy is absorbed by a molecule, it can trap some of the energy within the molecule by altering its structure. Therefore, in some cases there has been evolutionary development of enzymatic activity that can return the molecules to their original, functional states. On the other hand, in other cases the absorption of energy may be so great that no reversion to the original state can occur Which one of the following is example to this (no reversion is possible)? Select one: a.Conversion of 11-cis form of retinal to the all-trans form of retinal upon exposure to light, with a maximum abspance at 500 nm. b. Thymine-thymine and thymine-cytosine pyrimidine bridges formation upon exposure of DNA to UV-B radiation. c. The absorbance of radiant energy by Melanın pıgment in the skin. d. The translucent to opaque converSion of egg whites when cooked by increasıng the temperature.arrow_forwardMetabolism is essential to life and is the process by which cells make energy to carry out all of the processes required for them to survive. Metabolism requires that the organism transport substances from the environment into the cell to utilize in their metabolic pathways. Bacteria have a diverse array of potential metabolic processes to make energy. Given the information below (A. and B.), describe how the organisms would make ATP in the environment they are found. Make sure to discuss in detail each of the pathways, including the starting products, end products, components of the ETC (if applicable), how the cell makes ATP during this process, where in the cell each of these pathways occur and the transport mechanism(s) utilized to move the starting products from the environment into the cell. An anaerobic organism that is only able to ferment lactose.arrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical metabolic pathway involving four enzymes to convert molecule A into molecule E: Enz, E Enz 1 Enz 2 Enz 3 A 1) A O2) B Which molecule is most likely to be a feedback inhibitor that, when present in high concentrations, will reduce the flow of material through the pathway? 3) C 04) D B 05) E C D 6) none of these The activity of an allosteric enzyme will be greatest when 1) the pH is optimal for the enzyme. 2) most of the enzyme molecules are in the R conformation. 3) most of the enzyme molecules are in the T conformation. 4) there are equal numbers of enzyme molecules in the R and T conformations. puiss What will be the effect on the structure of an allosteric enzyme if a negative allosteric effector is added to a solution of the enzyme? 1) There will be a shift in the equilibrium between the R and T forms; the amount of T will increase. 2) There will be a shift in the equilibrium between the R and T forms; the amount of R will increase. 3) The enzyme will be…arrow_forward
- Consider a hypothetical metabolic pathway involving four enzymes to convert molecule A into molecule E: Enz 1 Enz 2 C Enz 3 A O2) B Which molecule is most likely to be a feedback inhibitor that, when present in high concentrations, will reduce the flow of material through the pathway? 1) A 3) C 4) D B OS) E D 6) none of these Enz4 Earrow_forwardThe production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an organic compound that 'undoes' the hydrogen ion concentration gradient without the production of ATP. It does this by increasing the membrane permeability to hydrogen ions. One use of DNP is as a herbicide.For a brief period in the 1930s, DNP was marketed as a diet pill. Because DNP prevents the production of ATP, the human body will begin to use alternate forms of energy. The result is an increase in the metabolism of fats in the body, thus reducing total body fat. In the presence of DNP, the energy that normally would be converted to ATP for use in the cells is converted to heat instead, causing dangerously high body temperatures.DNP is classified as an illegal substance in Canada and the U.S. although it is still marketed as a commercial chemical. In recent years, several deaths have been reported, primarily in the…arrow_forwardsolve these no copy from google describe reason in your own and good answer will get like like 1)One of the functions of metabolism is to provide the energy needed to all the processes required by the body. * a)true b)false 2)The energy to reduce CO2 to C of cellular compounds is derived from a: * a)Oxidation b)Reduction c)Incorporation 3)The red and green bacteria are: * a)Photochemotrophic b)photoheterotrophs c)photoautotrophsarrow_forward
- As protons (H+) pass through the mitochondria inner membrane… Question 10 options: a) Protons follow their concentration gradient. b) All the potential energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into ATP. c) Some of the potential energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into ATP and some is released as heat (i.e., unusable energy). d) Protons go up in potential energy level and ∆G > 0. e) A and Carrow_forwardA single celled, prokaryote organism has the ability to use the Na+/K+ pump in their cell membrane to move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. The Na+ /K+ pump is an example of a functional protein because it a) is a Polypeptide presents specific shapes that interact with (binds with) specific molecules, b) uses electrical interactions with these molecules to produce change in its shape or motion. C) interacts with specific molecules based on the fit of the molecule into specific active sites in the protein, d) As a result of the interaction with specific molecules, it can bind with ATP and use the bond energy in the ATP molecule to move the target molecule(s). e) all the answers are true.arrow_forwardMatch the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomes A. sacs that contain enzymes thatcatalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactionsB. structures on which protein synthesis occursC. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrientsD. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cellE. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretionF. membrane-bounded sacsG. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteinsare synthesizedH. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave about.arrow_forward
- There are many metabolic pathways in a biological system, and it is critical to regulate these pathways so that only particular pathways are active at a single time. Which enzyme would be in the regulation point in the hypothetical pathway shown below. A¹B 2C 3 D4E A) A → B B) B-C C) C-D D) D→ E E) The regulation point is highly dependent upon the metabolic pathway.arrow_forwardc) The pH values of the different compartments are shown below: Matrix Intermembrane space Cytosol pH 7.8 – 8.0 pH ~ 7.0pH 7.0 – 7.4 How can you explain these values in terms of what is known about mitochondrial function?arrow_forwardConcerning human biology, the major role of a cell's mitochondria is to provide the cells with usable energy in the form of ATP. In regard to the cellular respiration equation: Food + x(consumes) -----> y(produces + energy (ATP). As for "x" (what the cell consumes), I believe the answer is oxygen. As for "y" (what the cell produces), I'm guessing the answer is carbon dioxide. Could you please verify this, and better explain it to me?arrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY