Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The alkyl bromide shown is 1-bromo-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane. The structures of three different
Concept introduction:
In electrophilic addition reactions, the first step is the attack of the π electrons of the double bond on the hydrogen of the hydrogen halide to yield a carbocation. One of the carbon in C = C gets attached to hydrogen while the other acquires a positive charge. In the second step, the carbocation produced reacts with a halide ion to give the
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Chapter 7 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-EBOOK>I<
- Addition of HBr to 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene gives a mixture of two isomeric alkyl bromide products. Draw structures for the two products, and give a mechanistic explanation for their formation.arrow_forwardCCH H20, H2SO4 H9SO4 CH3 Alkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Hjö: -CH3 -CH3 H3O*arrow_forwardIdentify two alkenes that react with HBr to form 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane without undergoing a carbocation rearrangement.arrow_forward
- When the given reactions below are done once, which of the following reactions is used to prepare dihalogenated alkyl halides as major products? Select one: O Reaction of ethane with Cl₂ in the presence of light Reaction of ethene with HBr Reaction of ethyne with two moles of HCI Reaction of ethene with Br₂ in H₂Oarrow_forwardBicyclo-2,5-heptadiene can be prepared in two steps from cyclopentadiene and vinyl chloride. Provide a mechanism for each step.arrow_forwardGive the product and mechanism for the following reaction. Be sure to include all mechanism arrows, lone pairs, and formal charges in your mechanism. The product is an alkene.arrow_forward
- 4eplease give the resulting product and explainarrow_forwardIf phenoxide ion is allowed to react with 1-bromopentane, pentyl phenyl ether is obtained. However, if cyclohexane is used as the alkyl halide, the major products are phenol and cyclohexene. Explain how these products were formed.arrow_forwardNa, NH3 H3C-C=C-CH3 CH3 H3C° Alkynes are reduced to trans alkenes by a process called dissolving metal reduction. The reaction uses sodium or lithium metal as the reducing agent and liquid ammonia as the solvent. The method is specific in the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. The method involves two successive transfers of single electrons from the alkali metal to the triple bond, with abstraction of protons from the ammonia solvent. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions .CH3 H-NH2 CH3 :NH2 H3C H3Carrow_forward
- Draw structures for the products formed in the following reactions. If more than one product is possible, show all of them, and indicate the major product, if any.arrow_forwardAlkenes can be converted into alcohols by acid-catalyze addition of water. Predict the major alcohol product from this alkene below.arrow_forwardWhen an unsymmetrical alkene such as propene is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide, the major product has the bromine atom bonded to the less highly substituted carbon atom. Is this Markovnikov or non-Markovnikov orientation? Show its reaction mechanism. OH Brz, H,O CH;CH=CH, CH;CHCH,Br What products would you expect from oxymercuration-demercuration of 1-hexene? Show the reaction mechanism. 1.Hg(AOc), H,0 CH;CH,CH,CH,CH=CH; 2. NaBH, hex-1-enearrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
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