ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Chapter 8, Problem 20P
Chapters 6 and 7 explained that mistakes made by DNA polymerase are corrected either by proofreading mechanisms during
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Which of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase?
1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously.
2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point.
3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication.
4.) All of the above
DNA polymerase I has 5'-3' polymerase activity, 5'-3' exonuclease activity, and 3'-5' exonuclease activity necessary for
DNA replication. Mutations in the gene that encodes DNA polymerase I may cause the enzyme to lose these activities.
Match the consequence of a loss-of-function mutation in DNA polymerase I to the corresponding lost activity.
Lost 5'-3' polymerase activity
no RNA primer removal during DNA replication
no double helix denaturation
Lost 5'-3' exonuclease activity
Answer Bank
decreased polymerase fidelity
Lost 3'-5' exonuclease activity
no DNA synthesis to fill gaps caused by removing RNA primers
unstable strand separation within the replication bubble
What factors promote the fidelity of replication during synthesis of the leading strand of DNA?
prevention of mismatched nucleotides at the replication fork by topoisomerase
Watson-Crick base pairing between the template and leading strand
breaks that occur in the leading strand are repaired by DNA ligase
removal of the RNA primers between Okazaki fragments by DNA polymerase I
removal of wrongly inserted nucleotides by the 3'-exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III
Chapter 8 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 8 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 8 - Match the hypothesis from the left column to the...Ch. 8 - How would the artificial mRNA 5GUGUGUGU . . . 3 be...Ch. 8 - An example of a portion of the T4 rIIB gene in...Ch. 8 - Consider Crick and Brenners experiments in Fig....Ch. 8 - The HbSsickle-cell allele of the human -globin...Ch. 8 - The following diagram describes the mRNA sequence...Ch. 8 - The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has...Ch. 8 - The results shown in Fig. 8.5 may have struck you...Ch. 8 - Identify all the amino acid-specifying codons in...
Ch. 8 - Before the technology existed to synthesize RNA...Ch. 8 - A particular protein has the amino acid sequence...Ch. 8 - How many possible open reading frames frames...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14PCh. 8 - Charles Yanofsky isolated many different trpA-...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a segment of mRNA, beginning with...Ch. 8 - You identify a proflavin-generated allele of a...Ch. 8 - Using recombinant DNA techniques which will be...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in transcription that require...Ch. 8 - Chapters 6 and 7 explained that mistakes made by...Ch. 8 - The coding sequence for gene F is read from left...Ch. 8 - If you mixed the mRNA of a human gene with the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - The Drosophila gene Dscam1 encodes proteins on the...Ch. 8 - Describe the steps in translation that require...Ch. 8 - Locate as accurately as possible the listed items...Ch. 8 - Concerning the figure for Problem 26: a. Which...Ch. 8 - a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon...Ch. 8 - For parts a and b of Problem 28, consider the DNA...Ch. 8 - Remembering that the wobble base of the tRNA is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - The yeast gene encoding a protein found in the...Ch. 8 - The sequence of a complete eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following list of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8 - The human gene for 2 lens crystallin has the...Ch. 8 - In prokaryotes, a search for genes in a DNA...Ch. 8 - a. The genetic code table shown in Fig. 8.2...Ch. 8 - a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tracts...Ch. 8 - Explain how differences in the initiation of...Ch. 8 - Do you think each of the following types of...Ch. 8 - Null mutations are valuable genetic resources...Ch. 8 - The following is a list of mutations that have...Ch. 8 - Considering further the mutations described in...Ch. 8 - Adermatoglyphia described previously in Problem 18...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - You learned in Problem 21 in Chapter 7 that the...Ch. 8 - When 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeast...Ch. 8 - Why is a nonsense suppressor tRNATyr, even though...Ch. 8 - A mutant B. adonis bacterium has a nonsense...Ch. 8 - You are studying mutations in a bacterial gene...Ch. 8 - Another class of suppressor mutations, not...Ch. 8 - Yet another class of suppressor mutations not...Ch. 8 - At least one nonsense suppressing tRNA is known...Ch. 8 - An investigator was interested in studying UAG...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56PCh. 8 - In certain bacterial species, pyrrolysine Pyl,...Ch. 8 - Canavanine is an amino acid similar to arginine...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- During template-directed synthesis of a new DNA strand it can happen, if there are simple repeated sequences, that either the template strand or the strand being synthesized "slips" a short distance, and this can change the number of repeating sequence units in that stretch of repeated sequence. Which of the following processes involve such slippage? More than one answer is correct. Options: The increase in genomic copy number of a DNA transposon by transposition from a location behind a replication fork to a location ahead of the fork. Introduction of indels during DNA replication. The initial unwinding of the DNA duplex during replication by helicase. Increasing lengths of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene giving rise to Huntington disease. Synthesis of primer by primase during DNA replication.arrow_forwardFrom standpoint of replication and transcription, explain how RNA polymerase is allowed to incorporate the first nucleotide whereas DNA polymerase needs a primer. Explain how this difference impacts the process of replication and transcription.arrow_forwardAdenylate cydase, which synthesizes cyclic AMP from ATP, requires two metal ions, and the enzyme has the same constellation of amino acid residues in the active site as does DNA polymerase I. In what sense is the adenylate cyclase reaction similar to that of DNA polymerase, and in what sense is it different?arrow_forward
- An Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42°C, she discovers that the DNA remains double- stranded at the replication forks. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? DNA Ligase DNA polymerase lII primase DNA gyrase Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Base Excision Repair (BER) is true? Only NER involves the action of DNA ligase to seal nicks in the DNA backbone. Both NER and BER involve DNA strand cleavage by an endonuclease. Both NER and BER can be activated by exposure to visible light. Only BER requires DNA polymerase. Both NER and BER involve the creation of an apyrimidinic (AP) site.arrow_forwardAn investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42°C, she discovers that Okazaki fragments accumulate in unusually large quantities. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? primase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA Ligase DNA gyrasearrow_forward
- An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that carries the RNA template with it to synthesize repeats at the 3'-ends of chromosomes is called: telomerase topoisomerase DNA ligase DNA polymerase γ (gamma).arrow_forwardDNA polymerase occasionally incorporates the wrong nucleotide during DNA replication. If left unrepaired, the base-pair mismatch that results will lead to mutation in the next replication. As part of a template strand, the incorporated wrong base will direct the incorporation of a base complementary to itself, so the bases on both strands of the DNA at that position will now be different from what they were before the mismatch event. The MER-minus strain of yeast does not have a functional mismatch excision repair system, but it has normal base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair systems. Which of the following statements is correct about differences in the mutation spectrum between MER-minus and wildtype yeast? More than one answer is correct. Options: More point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast. Fewer point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast as compared with wildtype. Of the total point mutations that…arrow_forwardIn both leading and lagging strand synthesis, DNA replication always proceeds in a certain direction. What direction is this? Explain how oligonucleotide primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction work (PCR)arrow_forward
- Identify the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Reset Help SoS repair is dependent on a photon-activated enzyme that cleaves thymine dimers. excision repair is the process by which an endonuclease clips out UV-induced dimers, DNA photoreactivation repair polymerase III fills in the gap, and DNA ligase rejoins the phosphodiester backbone. recombinational repair uses the corresponding region on the umdamaged parental strand of the same polarity. is a process in E. coli that induces error-prone DNA replication in an effort to fill gaps by inserting random nucleotides.arrow_forwardBased on what you have learned with respect to various DNA repair pathways, decide the most appropriate pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning. A change in the DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication In a fungal species, pyrimidine dimers induced as a result of UV exposure A double-stranded break that occurs during G1 and prevents completion of DNA replicationarrow_forwardDuring DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is typically characterized by which of the following features? it is more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes it contains introns, but no exons it contains more exons than introns it contains exons, but no introns it contains more introns than exonsarrow_forward
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