Consider sterilization of the pharmaceutical product of Problem 8.27. To avoid any possibility of heating the product to an unacceptably high temperature, atmospheric steam is condensed on the exterior of the tube instead of using the resistance heater, providing a uniform surface temperature, T s = 100 ° C . (a) For the conditions of Problem 8.27, determine the required length of straight tube, L s , that would be needed to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical product from 25 ° C to 75 ° C . (b) Consider replacing the straight tube with a coiled tube characterized by a coil diameter C = 100 m m and a coil pitch S = 25 m m . Determine the overall length of the coiled tube, L cl (i.e., the product of the tube pitch and the number of coils), necessary to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical to the desired value. (c) Calculate the pressure drop through the straight tube and through the coiled tube. (d) Calculate the steam condensation rate.
Consider sterilization of the pharmaceutical product of Problem 8.27. To avoid any possibility of heating the product to an unacceptably high temperature, atmospheric steam is condensed on the exterior of the tube instead of using the resistance heater, providing a uniform surface temperature, T s = 100 ° C . (a) For the conditions of Problem 8.27, determine the required length of straight tube, L s , that would be needed to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical product from 25 ° C to 75 ° C . (b) Consider replacing the straight tube with a coiled tube characterized by a coil diameter C = 100 m m and a coil pitch S = 25 m m . Determine the overall length of the coiled tube, L cl (i.e., the product of the tube pitch and the number of coils), necessary to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical to the desired value. (c) Calculate the pressure drop through the straight tube and through the coiled tube. (d) Calculate the steam condensation rate.
Solution Summary: The author explains how the length of the straight tube is L_s and the thermal conductivity.
Consider sterilization of the pharmaceutical product of Problem 8.27. To avoid any possibility of heating the product to an unacceptably high temperature, atmospheric steam is condensed on the exterior of the tube instead of using the resistance heater, providing a uniform surface temperature,
T
s
=
100
°
C
.
(a) For the conditions of Problem 8.27, determine the required length of straight tube,
L
s
, that would be needed to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical product from
25
°
C
to
75
°
C
. (b) Consider replacing the straight tube with a coiled tube characterized by a coil diameter
C
=
100
m
m
and a coil pitch
S
=
25
m
m
. Determine the overall length of the coiled tube,
L
cl
(i.e., the product of the tube pitch and the number of coils), necessary to increase the mean temperature of the pharmaceutical to the desired value. (c) Calculate the pressure drop through the straight tube and through the coiled tube. (d) Calculate the steam condensation rate.
Engine oil flows through a 25-mm-diameter tube at a rate of 0.5 kg/s. The oil enters the tube at a temperature of 25°C, while the tube surface temperature is maintained at 100°C. (a) Determine the oil outlet temperature for a 5-m and for a 100-m long tube. For each case, compare the log mean temperature difference to the arithmetic mean temperature difference.
The evaporator section of a heat pump is installed in a large tank of water, which is used as a heat source during the winter. As energy is extracted from the water, it begins to freeze, creating an ice/water bath at 0°C, which may be used for air conditioning during the summer. Consider summer cooling conditions for which air is passed through an array of copper tubes, each of inside diameter D = 59 mm, submerged in the bath.
(a) If air enters each tube at a mean temperature of Tm,i = 25°C and a flow rate of m·=0.01 kg/s, what tube length L is needed to provide an exit temperature of Tm,o = 16°C? With 10 tubes passing through a tank of total volume V = 11 m3, which initially contains 83% ice by volume, how long would it take to completely melt the ice? The density and latent heat of fusion of ice are 933 kg/m3 and hsf = 3.34 × 10^5 J/kg, respectively.
A 30mm ID, 50mm OD aluminum round tube passes air through it at a rate of 0.08 m^3/s. A 100W electric heater blanket covers the outside of the 2m long tube. If the air enters the tube at 100 celsius , what temperature does it exit at? Assume that the heater blanket is perfectly insulated on the back side (no heat loss out the back).
Note-RT is 25 celsius
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