Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The appropriate curved arrows for the given reaction are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In the
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason the reaction takes place with S as the nucleophilic atom instead of one of the negatively charged O atoms on
Concept introduction:
The charge repulsion between the reacting species prevents any negatively charged atom from acting as a nucleophile.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: PRINCIPLES AND M
- The following aromatic substitution reaction has been proposed to proceed via a radical chain reaction. H,N H,N + H,N The mechanism shown here has been proposed, where Ar is the aromatic ring. ArI + e ArtO (a) Identify each step as either initiation, propagation, or termination. (b) Sum the propagation steps to verify that the net equation matches that given in the problem ArtO → Ar• ARNH AINH Ar• + ArNH statement. ArI → ARNH2 + + ArI (c) Propose a possible termination step.arrow_forwardTwo possible proton transfer reactions can take place ОН + → ? between the reactants shown here. (a) Write the products of each possible proton transfer reaction. (b) Determine which reaction is more energetically favorable.arrow_forwardWhich of the following bases are strong enough to deprotonate CH3CH2CH2C≡CH (pKa = 25) so that equilibrium favors the products: (a) H2O; (b) NaOH; (c) NaNH2; (d) NH3; (e) NaH; (f) CH3Li?arrow_forward
- 14. (a) Identify the acetal and the ketal group in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. OH НО HƠ HO Н HO Н НО HO 15. (a) Identify the glycosidic bond in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. (c) Polysaccharide units are usually bonded together with a or B 1, 6 or 1, 4 linkages. What linkage is used in the disaccharide shown below? s) НО НО НО HO НО -OH OH -H OH CH2OH 16. Draw the structure for 1,4-B-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose. ( но- 17. Assign an R/S designation to each chirality center in the following compound: ( CHO НО -OHarrow_forwardName each alkene and specify its configuration by the E,Z system. (Be sure to indicate double bond stereochemistry using (E)/(Z) notation. It is not necessary to use italics in writing compound names.)arrow_forwardThe activity of an enzyme requires a glutamic acid to display its -COOH functional group in the protonated state. Suppose the pK, of the -COOH group is 4.07. (a) Will the enzyme be more active at pH 3.5 or 4.5? Explain. (b) What fraction of the enzymes will be active at pH = 4.07? Explain. (c) At what pH will the enzyme show 78% of maximal activity?arrow_forward
- Draw the mechanism by which it is possible to go from an open structure to a cyclic one, in the form of pyranose and furanosearrow_forwardIdentify the modes of catalysis and when / why they occur• Acid-base • Covalent• Transition state stabilization• Catalysis by proximity • Catalysis by strain• Lock & key is better seen as describing substrate binding to active sitearrow_forwardArabinoxylan is a copolymer of arabinose and xylose-two five-carbon sugars. A portion of the polysaccharide is shown here. (a) Identify and classify each glycosidic linkage. (b) Based on the structure, do you think arabinoxylan functions as a storage polysaccharide or a structural polysaccharide? Explain your reasoning. HOH,C. OH Но OH OH но но OH Но LO. Но HOH,C HOH2C НО OH OH CH,OHarrow_forward
- The structures of an aldose and a ketose are shown here. An aldose contains an aldehyde group. Click on that group.arrow_forwardAn enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of an ester with a certain activity, but this activity is lost in a 3 M urea solution. What is the most likely explanation for the loss of activity? (A) Urea binds to the active site of the enzyme competitively with the substrate. (B) Urea causes the cleavage of the peptide bonds in the enzyme. (C) Urea causes the enzyme to denature and lose its specific three-dimensional shape. (D) Urea reacts with disulfide bonds in the enzyme.arrow_forwardFor the sequence of the reaction shown in the box, which of the following is the structure of the missing reactant?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY