Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Mode of action of an antibiotic.Â
Introduction:
Antibiotics are chemicals that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. These drugs are used to treat bacterial diseases. The main classes of antibiotics include beta-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides. There are various modes of antibiotic action. Antibiotics can kill or retard the growth of bacteria by destroying the cell wall, by interfering with the reproduction, or by blocking the protein synthesis.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 5TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 6TQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 7TQ
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8TQCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Prob. 2RQCh. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Prob. 8RQCh. 8 - Prob. 9RQCh. 8 - Prob. 10RQCh. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - Prob. 12RQCh. 8 - Prob. 13RQCh. 8 - Prob. 14RQCh. 8 - Prob. 15RQCh. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Prob. 17RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1TQCh. 8 - Prob. 2TQCh. 8 - Prob. 3TQ
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- Tetracyclines are a class of prokaryotic antibiotic that ?? A. Consist of lactone rings and target the 50s ribosomal subunit to prevent protein synthesis B. Consist of a napthacene ring and target the 30s ribosomal subunit to prevent protein synthesis C. Consist of aminoglycosides and target folic acid formation D. Consist of a B-lactam ring and prevent transpeptidation during cell wall formationarrow_forwardAn American biochemist Erwin Chargaff discovered that in the cells of all organisms he studied, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine is always equal to the amount of guanine. Explain his findings.arrow_forwardYou treat a cell with a fluorescently-labelled antibody that recognizes microtubules, and you observe what appears to be a spindle apparatus. Is the cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? Explain. Some archaebacteria species live in extremely high-salt environments. Cite a specific example of protein modification that has allowed these bacteria to accomplish this.arrow_forward
- Linezolid is a new type of antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in several bacterial species by bindingto the 50S subunit of the ribosome and inhibiting its ability to participate in the formation of translationalinitiation complexes. Physicians are particularlyinterested in this antibiotic for treating pneumoniacaused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococci). To explore themechanisms by which pneumococci can developresistance to linezolid, you first want to identifylinezolid-resistant strains. Next, using one of thesestrains as starting material, you want to identifyderivatives of these mutants that are no longertolerant of linezolid.a. Outline the techniques you would use to identifylinezolid-resistant mutant pneumococci andlinezolid-sensitive derivatives of these mutants.In each case, would your techniques involve directselection, screening, replica plating, treating withmutagens, or testing for a visible phenotype?b. Suggest possible…arrow_forwardWhat is a prion? Explain how a prion relies on normal cellularproteins to cause a disease such as mad cow disease.arrow_forwardFigure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chainarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true regarding the metabolome, the proteome, the genome, and the transcriptome? The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different proteins that can be made within any give cell. The number of transcription products equals the number of proteins that can be made from these transcription products. The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different transcription products that can be made within any given cell. The metabolome is encoded by the genome. None of the above.arrow_forwardTetracycline antibiotics bind to the A site on the bacterial ribosome and prevent further translation. Where would you expect polypeptides to accumulate on tetracycline-inhibited ribosomes? Given what tetracycline does, how does this effect cause the bacterial cell to die?arrow_forwardIn order to transform a bacteria, the cell wall should be perforated either through physical or chemical means. true or false?arrow_forward
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