Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.8, Problem 50P
To determine
The wasted work potential during the throttling process.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 8.8 - What final state will maximize the work output of...Ch. 8.8 - Is the exergy of a system different in different...Ch. 8.8 - Under what conditions does the reversible work...Ch. 8.8 - How does useful work differ from actual work? For...Ch. 8.8 - How does reversible work differ from useful work?Ch. 8.8 - Is a process during which no entropy is generated...Ch. 8.8 - Consider an environment of zero absolute pressure...Ch. 8.8 - It is well known that the actual work between the...Ch. 8.8 - Consider two geothermal wells whose energy...Ch. 8.8 - Consider two systems that are at the same pressure...
Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8.8 - Does a power plant that has a higher thermal...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 8.8 - Saturated steam is generated in a boiler by...Ch. 8.8 - One method of meeting the extra electric power...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine that receives heat from a furnace at...Ch. 8.8 - Consider a thermal energy reservoir at 1500 K that...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1100...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine that rejects waste heat to a sink at...Ch. 8.8 - A geothermal power plant uses geothermal liquid...Ch. 8.8 - A house that is losing heat at a rate of 35,000...Ch. 8.8 - A freezer is maintained at 20F by removing heat...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 24PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 25PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 26PCh. 8.8 - Can a system have a higher second-law efficiency...Ch. 8.8 - A mass of 8 kg of helium undergoes a process from...Ch. 8.8 - Which is a more valuable resource for work...Ch. 8.8 - Which has the capability to produce the most work...Ch. 8.8 - The radiator of a steam heating system has a...Ch. 8.8 - A well-insulated rigid tank contains 6 lbm of a...Ch. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device contains 8 kg of...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 36PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 37PCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 2 L of...Ch. 8.8 - A 0.8-m3 insulated rigid tank contains 1.54 kg of...Ch. 8.8 - An insulated pistoncylinder device initially...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 41PCh. 8.8 - An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal...Ch. 8.8 - A 50-kg iron block and a 20-kg copper block, both...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 45PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 47PCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 1.4 kg...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 49PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 50PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 51PCh. 8.8 - Air enters a nozzle steadily at 200 kPa and 65C...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 54PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 55PCh. 8.8 - Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 120...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 57PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8.8 - The adiabatic compressor of a refrigeration system...Ch. 8.8 - Refrigerant-134a at 140 kPa and 10C is compressed...Ch. 8.8 - Air enters a compressor at ambient conditions of...Ch. 8.8 - Combustion gases enter a gas turbine at 900C, 800...Ch. 8.8 - Steam enters a turbine at 9 MPa, 600C, and 60 m/s...Ch. 8.8 - Refrigerant-134a is condensed in a refrigeration...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 66PCh. 8.8 - Refrigerant-22 absorbs heat from a cooled space at...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 68PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 69PCh. 8.8 - Air enters a compressor at ambient conditions of...Ch. 8.8 - Hot combustion gases enter the nozzle of a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 72PCh. 8.8 - A 0.6-m3 rigid tank is filled with saturated...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 74PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 75PCh. 8.8 - An insulated vertical pistoncylinder device...Ch. 8.8 - Liquid water at 200 kPa and 15C is heated in a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 78PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 79PCh. 8.8 - A well-insulated shell-and-tube heat exchanger is...Ch. 8.8 - Steam is to be condensed on the shell side of a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 82PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 83PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 84PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 85RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 86RPCh. 8.8 - An aluminum pan has a flat bottom whose diameter...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 88RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 89RPCh. 8.8 - A well-insulated, thin-walled, counterflow heat...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 92RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 93RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 94RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 95RPCh. 8.8 - Nitrogen gas enters a diffuser at 100 kPa and 110C...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 97RPCh. 8.8 - Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle at 3.5 MPa and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 99RPCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 8 ft3...Ch. 8.8 - An adiabatic turbine operates with air entering at...Ch. 8.8 - Steam at 7 MPa and 400C enters a two-stage...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 103RPCh. 8.8 - Steam enters a two-stage adiabatic turbine at 8...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 105RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 106RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 107RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 108RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 109RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 111RPCh. 8.8 - A passive solar house that was losing heat to the...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 113RPCh. 8.8 - A 4-L pressure cooker has an operating pressure of...Ch. 8.8 - Repeat Prob. 8114 if heat were supplied to the...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 116RPCh. 8.8 - A rigid 50-L nitrogen cylinder is equipped with a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 118RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 119RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 120RPCh. 8.8 - Reconsider Prob. 8-120. The air stored in the tank...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 122RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 123RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 124RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 125RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 126RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 127RPCh. 8.8 - Water enters a pump at 100 kPa and 30C at a rate...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 129RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 130RPCh. 8.8 - Obtain a relation for the second-law efficiency of...Ch. 8.8 - Writing the first- and second-law relations and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 133RPCh. 8.8 - Keeping the limitations imposed by the second law...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 135FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 136FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 137FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 138FEPCh. 8.8 - A furnace can supply heat steadily at 1300 K at a...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1500...Ch. 8.8 - Air is throttled from 50C and 800 kPa to a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 142FEPCh. 8.8 - A 12-kg solid whose specific heat is 2.8 kJ/kgC is...
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- One hundred kg of saturated steam at 100 kPa is to be adiabatically compressed in a closed system to 1000 kPa. How much work is required if the isentropic compression efficiency is 90 percent?arrow_forwardSteam at 100 psia and 650F is expanded adiabatically in a closed system to 10 psia. Determine the work produced, in Btu/lbm, and the final temperature of steam for an isentropic expansion efficiency of 80 percent.arrow_forwardRefrigerant-134a at 140 kPa and –10°C is compressed by an adiabatic 1.3-kW compressor to an exit state of 700 kPa and 60°C. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies, determine the isentropic efficiency of the compressor.arrow_forward
- Ten lbm of R-134a is expanded without any heat transfer in a closed system from 120 psia and 100°F to 20 psia. If the isentropic expansion efficiency is 95 percent, what is the final volume of this steam?arrow_forwardSteam at 1000 kPa, a temperature of 300°C, and a velocity of 50 m/s. The steam leaves the turbine at a pressure of 150 kPa and a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine the work per kg of steam flowing through the turbine, assuming the process to be reversible and adiabatic.arrow_forwardSaturated refrigerant-134a vapor at 15 psia is compressed reversibly in an adiabatic compressor to 80 psia. Determine the work input to the compressor. What would your answer be if the refrigerant were first condensed at constant pressure before it was compressed?arrow_forward
- Determine the compressor work input required to compress steam isentropically from 100 kPa to 1 MPa, assuming that the steam exists as (a) saturated liquid and (b) saturated vapor at the inlet statearrow_forwardAir enters an adiabatic nozzle at 45 psia and 940°F with low velocity and exits at 650 ft/s. If the isentropic efficiency of the nozzle is 85 percent, determine the exit temperature and pressure of the air.arrow_forwardSuperheated steam enters the turbine of a steam power plant at 5 MPa and 450 ºC, and exits at 10 kPa. Determine the actual turbine work when the turbine isentropic efficiency is 90% and the mass flow rate of steam is 10 kg/s.arrow_forward
- Refrigerant-134a at 140 kPa and –10°C is compressed by an adiabatic 0.5-kW compressor to an exit state of 700 kPa and 60°C. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies and assuming the surroundings to be at 27°C, determine the isentropic efficiency.arrow_forwardSteam at 3 MPa and 400°C is expanded to 30 kPa in an adiabatic turbine with an isentropic efficiency of 92 percent. Determine the power produced by this turbine, in kW, when the mass flow rate is 2 kg/s.arrow_forwardA turbine generates 8000 kW at 40,000 kg/hr of steam and exhaust at 10 kPa with an enthalpy of 2510 kJ/kg. If the boiler pressure is 6 Mpa, determine the isentropic efficiency.arrow_forward
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