Concept explainers
Interpretation:
It is to be determined whether
Concept introduction:
Nucleophiles are nucleus loving species, which are electron rich and are attracted to electrophiles. The nucleophilicity is the capacity of a nucleophile to react.
In the absence of any solvent, the nucleophilicity depends on an atom carrying a negative charge or lone pair, which can be better at stabilizing the negative charge. In the absence of any solvent, the negative charge is better stabilized on a smaller atom as compared to a larger atom within the group in the periodic table.
Since the polar protic solvents contain at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to an electronegative atom such as
Polar protic solvents tend to solvate both cations and anions very strongly. Polar aprotic solvents tend to solvate cations very strongly but not anions. Due to this, polar protic solvents decrease or weaken the nucleophilicity of an anion.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Good nucleophiles that are weak bases favor substitution overelimination. Explain this ?arrow_forwardIdentify the stronger nucleophile in the following pair of anions. HS− or F− in a polar protic solventarrow_forwardIdentify the stronger nucleophile in the following pair of anions. Br− or Cl− in a polar protic solventarrow_forward
- Which is the better nucleophile in a protic solvent, chloride ion or bromide ion? Try to explain this in terms of the nature of the chloride ion and the bromide ion.arrow_forwardIdentify the stronger nucleophile in each pair of anions.a. Br- or Cl- in a polar protic solventb. HO- or Cl- in a polar aprotic solventc. HS- or F- in a polar protic solventarrow_forwardRank the nucleophiles in each group in order of increasing nucleophilicity.a. -OH, -NH2, H2Ob. -OH, Br-, F- (polar aprotic solvent)c. H2O, -OH, CH3CO2-arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT