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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (
Concept introduction:
Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.
Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.
(b)
Interpretation:
An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.
Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Explain the following statements. You must use chemical equations to justify your explanation. (ii) (I) Phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol.arrow_forwardThe odor of ripe bananas and many other fruits is due to the presence of esters. For example: Banana oil (isopentyl acetate) (a) Write the name (common or IUPAC) of the ester responsible for the fragrance of the following: pineapple, orange, apple, peach, & lavender (b) Choose one fragrant from (a) and name the alcohol and the carboxylic acid needed to synthesize this ester. (c) Show the detailed mechanism of the Fischer Esterification reaction that will be involved in the synthesis of the fragrant you have chosen in part (a).arrow_forwardExplain the following behaviours :(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.(ii) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.arrow_forward
- When equivalent amounts of methyl bromide and sodium iodide are dissolved in methanol, the concentration of iodide ion quickly decreases and then slowly returns to its original concentration. Account for this observation.arrow_forward(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone(b) An organic compound with molecular formula C5H10O does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives a positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation, it gives ethanoic acid and propanoic acid. Identify the compound and write all chemical equations for the reactions.arrow_forwardThe hydrocarbon fluorene was treated with potassium t-butoxide in an acid-base reaction, giving the fluorenide anion and t-butyl alcohol. (a) Which way does the equilibrium lie, and by how much? b) What is the proportion of the fluorenide anion to fluorene? (c) Why is fluorene so highly acidic, considering the pKa of an average alkane is above 50?arrow_forward
- Dimethyl disulfide, CH,S–SCH3, found in the vaginal secretions of female hamsters, acts as a sexual attractant for the male hamster. Write an equation for its synthesis from methanethiol.arrow_forward(a) Tsomane and Nyiko were given a task of synthesising methylenecyclohexane 2. After a brief discussion with each other, Tsomane proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanone 1 while Nyiko proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. Each student believed that their proposed method is better than the other. (Scheme below) (1) Ph Ph 8*8 Ph THF A 1 Santande B H₂SO4 100 °C 3 OH Using curly arrows, provide full mechanistic details accounting how methylenecyclohexane 2 was synthesised according to both Methods A and B.arrow_forwardExplain the following observations :(i) The boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of methoxymethane.(ii) Phenol is more acidic than ethanol.(iii) o- and p-nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol.arrow_forward
- Write chemical equations expressing each of the following: (a) Preparation of o-nitrophenyl acetate by sulfuric acid catalysis of the reaction between a phenol and an acid anhydride. (b) Esterification of 2-naphthol with acetic anhydride in aqueous sodium hydroxide (c) Reaction of phenol with benzoyl chloridearrow_forward(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between(i) Phenol and Benzoic acid (ii) Benzophenone and Acetophenonearrow_forwardGive reasons for the following: (i) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than p-methylphenol. (ii) Bond length of C—O bond in phenol is shorter than that in methanol. (iii) (CH3)3C—Br on reaction with sodium methoxide (Na+ _OCH3) gives alkene as the main product and not an ether.arrow_forward
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