Concept explainers
Mixed gender decision-making groups. In business, a group of executives is often assigned to make key decisions. The American Journal of Political Science (April 2014) published a study on a woman’s impact on mixed-gender deliberating groups. The researchers randomly assigned subjects to one of several 5-member decision making groups. The groups’ gender composition varied as follows: 0 females. 1 female, 2 females, 3 females, 4 females, or 5 females. Each group was then randomly assigned to utilize one of two types of decision rules: unanimous or majority rule. Ten groups were created for each of the 6 × 2 = 12 combinations of gender composition and decision rule. One variable of interest, measured for each group, was the number of words spoken by women on a certain topic per 1,000 total words spoken during the deliberations.
- a. Why is this experiment considered a designed study?
- b. Identify the experimental unit and dependent variable in this study.
- c. Identify the factors for this study. Give the levels of each factor.
- d. How many treatments are in this study? List them.
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- a study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer, but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Played, but not Elite Did not Play Total Arthritis 10 9 24 43 No Arthritis 61 206 548 815 Total 71 215 572 858 Complete the table for the totals. What percent of the men in this study did not play soccer? Among these subjects who did not play soccer, what percent has arthritis of the hip or knee? What percent of the men in this study has arthritis of the hip or knee? What percent of the men in this study was former elite soccer players?arrow_forwardThe paper "From Dr. Kildare to Grey's Anatomy"† describes several studies of how the way in which doctors are portrayed on television might influence public perception of doctors. One study was described as follows. Rebecca Chory, Ph.D., now an associate professor of communication at West Virginia University, began studying the effect of such portrayals on patients' attitudes toward physicians. Using a survey of 300 undergraduate students, she compared perceptions of physicians in 1992—the end of the era when physicians were shown as all-knowing, wise father figures—with those in 1999, when shows such as ER and Chicago Hope (1994–2000) were continuing the transformation to showing the private side and lives of physicians, including vivid demonstrations of their weaknesses and insecurities. Dr. Chory found that, regardless of the respondents' personal experience with physicians, those who watched certain kinds of television had declining perceptions of physicians' composure and regard…arrow_forwardThe paper "From Dr. Kildare to Grey's Anatomy"† describes several studies of how the way in which doctors are portrayed on television might influence public perception of doctors. One study was described as follows. Rebecca Chory, Ph.D., now an associate professor of communication at West Virginia University, began studying the effect of such portrayals on patients' attitudes toward physicians. Using a survey of 300 undergraduate students, she compared perceptions of physicians in 1992—the end of the era when physicians were shown as all-knowing, wise father figures—with those in 1999, when shows such as ER and Chicago Hope (1994–2000) were continuing the transformation to showing the private side and lives of physicians, including vivid demonstrations of their weaknesses and insecurities. Dr. Chory found that, regardless of the respondents' personal experience with physicians, those who watched certain kinds of television had declining perceptions of physicians' composure and regard…arrow_forward
- The government sample survey of 60,000 households each month that produces data on employment, earnings, and many other variables is called the A. General Household Survey. B. Gallup Poll. C. Labor Statistics Survey. D. General Social Survey. E. Current Population Survey.arrow_forwardIf the Syracuse men's basketball team won 18 games and lost 10, and the Syracuse women's basketball team won 15 and lost 9, what is the overall frequency of losses for the two teams?"arrow_forwardThe table below contains data from a study of two airlines - Sunshine Airlines & Comfort Airlines - which fly from BWI to Shore City, FL. If one Airline is selected, find P (on time and Comfort Airlines). Number of Flights Arriving on Time Number of Flights Arriving Late Sunshine Airlines 33 5 Comfort Airlines 43 6arrow_forward
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