Interpretation:
The atomic orbital overlap and MO energy diagrams for
Concept introduction:
Molecular orbitals are constructed from the AOs of different atoms. When two atoms are brought close enough together (i.e., about a bond length apart), the AOs of one atom significantly overlap the AOs of the other atom, enabling them to undergo constructive and destructive interference, or mix, to produce new orbitals. The two central
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Three of the four molecular orbitals for cyclobutadiene are pictured here. Place them in order of increasing energy. (See Figures 9.13, 9.15, 9.16, and 9.18 and the relation of orbital energy and nodes.)arrow_forwardConstruct a Frost circle for a planar eight-membered ring with one 2p orbital on each atom of the ring and show the relative energies of its eight π molecular orbitals. Which are bonding MOs, which are antibonding, and which are nonbonding?arrow_forwardWhat is the bond order and magnetic of B2- ?arrow_forward
- Draw an mo diagram for the valence electrons in N2. What is the bond order many sigma and pi bonds are there? What is the HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)? What is the magnetism of the species?arrow_forwardDraw the orbital-overlap diagram for the formaldehyde molecule. In your diagram label all σ bonds and all π bonds. Also, be sure to indicate what types of orbitals are overlapping (i.e.,s, p, sp, sp2 or sp3)arrow_forwardDraw the M.O. diagram of NO+ . Indicate the HOMO, LUMO, and the expected bond order.arrow_forward
- How many pi bonds? How many unhybridized p-orbitals? How many sp-orbitals? How many sp2-orbitals?arrow_forward(a) Which of the AF3 molecules in Fig. 1 will have a nonzero dipole moment? Explain. b) Which of the AF4 molecules in Fig. 2 will have a zero dipole moment? Explain.arrow_forward1. ionization of Cl2 (Cl2 —> Cl2+ + e-) leads to a shortening of the Cl-Cl distance (199 pm in Cl2, 189 pm in Cl2+), why? 2. why the C-O bond distance is nearly identical in CO (113 pm) and CO+ (112 pm)? 3. Derive the MO diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?arrow_forward
- According to valence bond theory, what is the total number of sp2 hybridized orbitals on all the atoms in formaldehyde, CH2O? Sketch and explain why. According to valence bond theory, how many lone pairs of electrons reside in sp hybridized orbitals in formaldehyde? explain why?arrow_forwardCan someone help me this this? The question is: Determine the orbital in which the indicated non-bonding electrons reside. Candidates include atomic orbitals (s and p), hybrid orbitals (sp, sp2, and sp3), and molecular orbitals (s, s*, p, p*). Here is the picture for itarrow_forwardHow many anti-bonding pi-type molecular orbitals does 1,3-butadiene contain?arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning