DNA-binding domain

transcriptional machinery (Fig. 1b). Other repressors alter the chromatin structure surrounding a gene (Fig. 1a), which in turn represses transcription in a less direct fashion. Transcriptional repressors can also be defined by whether they bind DNA directly or bind DNA bound transcription factors to modulate their function (Fig. 1c, d). Proteins that use the later mechanism are termed co-repressors [1]. The Groucho/Tup1 (Gro/Tup1) class is a conserved family of co-repressors found in a range of eukaryotic

adaptive defense mechanism to invading DNA. (4) The CRISPR Cas9 system relies on the uptake of invading DNA fragments that are then inserted into CRISPR loci. (4) In the CRISPR loci, repeats are separated by nucleotide spacers which match and or composed of invading DNA.(4) New spacer DNA is incorporated by Cas1 and Cas2.(4) The CRISPR spacer loci then transcribe into short CRISPR RNAs (crRNA) which anneal to foreign nucleic acids in conjunction with complementary binding trans-activating cr RNA(tracrRNA)

#################################3 Antibody binding of antigens represents a critical part of the adaptive immune system’s ability to identify and eliminate invading pathogens. The antibodies are able to do so due to the binding of their antigen-binding domains to specific epitopes along an antigen’s surface. These epitopes can exist in linear, structural, and posttranslationally modified forms that

In today’s society, there is the constant push in the science field to discover or create something new that will redefine society’s outlook on a certain subject. Most look to uncover large discoveries, but this experiment looks toward the microscopic level. Synthetic biology is a very useful tool that can lead to milestones in the science field. Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems. It focuses on the whole system of genes and gene products

Phage display is a modern laboratory technique that is concerned with the study of not only protein-protein interactions but also protein-peptide and protein-DNA interactions through the use of a bacteriophage. Phage display uses a bacteriophage or a virus that infects bacteria to connect phenotype with genotype through the expression of a gene. This novel technique first starts by inserting a gene of interest, which codes for a protein of interest, into the coat protein gene of the virus, thereby

understand the HPV E6 oncoprotein with the help of bioinformatics tools like Rasmol, Blast, ClustalW, Prosite and Palign. Introduction: Human Papillomavirus commonly called as HPV has been known to cause genital infections in males and females. It is a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family and one of the most common virus that are known to cause tumors. There are about more than 120 different viruses but only about 40 of them are transmitted sexually. HPVs usually infect the mucosal membranes and different

Sirtuins have been studied in a number of different model organisms including yeast, drosophila, and mice. In yeast, the SIR2 gene frequently associated with expanding the lifespan through metabolic regulation. More specifically, SIR2 plays a role in DNA repair, chromosome connections during meiosis, and silencing of chromatin (Blander 2004). In Drosophila, a similar relationship can be seen between SIR2 and overall organism lifespan. The collaborative knowledge from SIR research successfully links

Its function is regulated by dopaminergic and glutaminergic receptors. When stimulated by dopaminergic receptors it is a potent inhibitor of PP1α (Hemmings, 1984). In contrast, when stimulated by glutaminergic receptors, the inhibitory activity of DARPP-32 against PP1 is reduced (Halpain, 1990). DARPP-32 is regulated by brain-derived neurotropic factor as well as the Akt pathway and CDK5/p35 pathway (Stroppolo, 2001) (Bogush, 2007). Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor 2 Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor

The large regulatory subunit-PriL The large subunit (PriL) of the primase is a regulatory, non-catalytic subunit, where its exact role is still undefined. Nonetheless, PriL, and in particular PriL-C-terminal domain (PriL-CTD), has been shown to have an essential role at the initiation stage of primer synthesis, but not during the extension step. In fact, it is an essential gene in yeast. It has also been inferred that PriL-CTD, is involved in the primase counting mechanism (p58 .counting..). The

Extracellular ligand-binding site 2. Cytoplasmic enzyme/ catalyic domain.   The cytoplasmic enzyme/ catalytic domain may be: › Tyrosine kinase › Serine Kinase › Guanylyl cyclase  Agonist binds to receptor’s extracellular domain  Change in receptor conformation  Two receptor polypeptides bind together (Inactive monomeric state is converted to an active dimeric state)  Tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domains become phosphorylated  Tyrosine kinase is activated  Binding & phosphorylation