BIO 181 Extra Credit Assignment 4 DNA Structure

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Pima Community College *

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181IN

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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2

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BIO181 Extra Credit Assignment 4 DNA Structure 5 points possible Name: Romello Bryant Due Date Deadline: Sunday September 20, at 11:30 pm To do this exercise, you will need to go to the links below and click on “Launch Interactive” and answer the associated questions on this document. 1.0. The chemical structure of DNA https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/chemical-structure-dna 1.1 Explain in 5 to 6 sentences the structure of DNA. Two strands that form a double helix make up the DNA molecule. When we unwind the double helix and look deeper at the molecule, we can see that it is made of nucleotide-bonded building block. If we inspect the chain closely, we can see that each chain is bound from one end to the other. They consist of the same basic components for each bonded nucleotide. Deoxyribose sugar molecules (the nucleotide's backbone), nitrogen bases including four distinct DNA forms, and nucleotides are chemically bound to phosphodiester bonds. 1.2. Which bases are the pyrimidines, and which are the purines? Purines: Adenine and Guanine Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine 1.3. What is meant by antiparallel? Both the DNA double helix strands can grow in 5 'to 3' direction, but they grow in opposite directions because of the sugar molecule's opposite orientation in them. The antiparallel alignment permits the base pairs to complement each other. 1 of 2
1.4 Copy and paste a picture below (it can be from the video) of a DNA sugar indicating its 5’ and 3’ carbons. 1.5 What is the significance of the 5’ and 3’ carbon? The significance of the 5’ and 3’ carbon is that they are used the show the orientation or direction of the DNA strand. 2.0 How DNA is packaged. https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/how-dna-packaged This video is less than 2 minutes long. Outline in your own words below what is discussed and animated in the video. To begin, what was discussed in the video was the way that DAN is tightly packed into a cell. The video begins by showing and telling how eight histone proteins latch onto a strand of a DNA and begin to create a nucleosome, this is repeated over and over again until many nucleosomes are stacked on each other, which the end result is a fiber of packed nucleosomes known as chromatin. The loop is still repeated over and over again until the strands of DNA are tightly packed are visible enough to see. 2 of 2
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