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All Textbook Solutions for Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
Exercise 3-44 Revenue Expense and Recognition Carrico Advertising Inc. performs advertising services for several Fortune 500 companies. The following information describes Carricos activities during 2019. At the beginning of 2019, customers owed Carrico $45,800 for advertising services formed during 2018. During 2019, Carrico performed an additional $695,100 of advertising services on account. Carrico collected $708,700 cash from customers during 2019. At the beginning of 2019, Carrico had $13,350 of supplies on hand for which it owed suppliers SS, 150. During 2019, Carrico purchased an additional $14,600 of supplies on account. Carrico also paid $19,300 cash owed to suppliers for goods previously purchased on credit. Carrico had of supplies on hand at the end of 2019. Carricos 2019 operating and interest were $437 and $133,400, respectively. Required: Calculate Carricos 2019 income before taxes. Calculate the ending balance of receivable, the supplies used, and the ending balance of accounts payable. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain the underlying principles behind why the three accounts computed in Requirement 2 exist.Exercise 3-45 Identification of Adjusting Entries Conklin Services prepares financial statements only once per year using an annual accounting ending on December 31. Each of the following statements describes an entry made by Conklin on December 31 of a recent year. On December 31, Conklin completed a service agreement for Pizza Planet and recorded the related revenue. The job started in August. Conklin provides weekly service visits to the local C.J. Nickel department store to check and maintain various pieces of computer printing equipment. On December 31, Conklin recorded revenue for the visits completed during December. The cash will not be received until January. Conklins salaried employees are paid on the last day of every month. On December 31, Conklin recorded the payment Of December salaries. Conklins hourly wage employees are paid every Friday. On 31, Conklin recorded as payable the wages for the first three working days of the week in which the year ended. On December 31, Conklin recorded the receipt of a shipment of office supplies from Office Supplies Inc. to be paid for in January. On December 31, Conklin recorded the estimated use of supplies for the year. The supplies were purchased for cash earlier in the year. Early in December, Conklin was in by Parker Enterprises for 2 months of weekly visits. Conklin recorded the advance payment as a liability. On December 31 , Conklin recorded revenue for the service visits to Parker Enterprises that were completed during December. On December 3 1, Conklin recorded depreciation expense on office equipment for the year. Required: Indicate whether each entry is an adjusting entry or a regular journal entry, and, if it is an adjusting entry, identify it as one of the following types: (1) revenue recognized before collection of cash, (2) expense recognized before payment of cash, (3) revenue recognized after collection of cash, or (4) expense recognized after payment of cash.Exercise 3-46 Identification and Analysis of Adjusting Entries Medina Motor Service is preparing adjusting entries for the year ended December 31, 2019. The following items describe Medina s continuous transactions during 2019: Medinas salaried employees are paid on the last day of every month. Medinas hourly employees are paid every other Friday for the 2 weeks' work. The next payday falls on January 5, 2020. In November 2019, Medina borrowed $600,000 from Bank One, giving a 9% note payable with interest due in January 2020. The note was properly recorded. Medina rents a portion of its parking lot to the neighboring business under a long-term lease agreement that requires payment of rent 6 months in advance on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The October 1, 2019, payment was made and recorded as prepaid rent. Medinas department recognizes the entire revenue on every auto service job when the job is complete. At December 31, several service jobs are in process. Medina recognizes depreciation on shop equipment annually at the end of each year. Medina purchases all of its office supplies from Office Supplies Inc. All purchases are recorded in the supplies account. Supplies expense is calculated and recorded annually at the end of each year. Required: Indicate whether or not each item requires an adjusting entry at December 31, 2019. If an item requires an adjusting entry, indicate which accounts are increased by the adjustment and which are decreased.Exercise 3-47 Revenue Adjustments Sentry Transport Inc. of Atlanta provides in-town parcel delivery services in addition to a full range of passenger services. Sentry engaged in the following activities during the current year: Sentry received $5,000 cash in advance from Richs Department Store for an estimated 250 deliveries during December 2019 and January and February of 2020. The entire amount was recorded as unearned revenue when received. During December 2019, 110 deliveries were made for Richs. Sentry operates several small buses that take commuters from suburban communities to the central downtown area of Atlanta. The commuters purchase, in advance, tickets for 50 one-way rides. Each So-ride ticket costs S500. At the time of purchase, Sentry credits the cash received to unearned revenue. At year end, Sentry determines that 10,160 one-way rides have been taken. Sentry operates buses that provide transportation for the clients of a social agency in Atlanta. Sentry bills the agency quarterly at the end of January, April, July, and October for the that quarter. The contract price is S7,500 per quarter. Sentry follows the practice of recognizing revenue from this contract in the in which the service is On December 23, Delta Airlines chartered a bus to transport its marketing group to a meeting at a resort in southern Georgia. The meeting will be held during the last week in January 2020, and Delta agrees to pay for the entire trip on the day the bus departs. At year end, none Of these arrangements have been recorded by Sentry. Required: Prepare adjusting entries at December 31 for these four activities. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would be the effect on revenue if the adjusting entries were not made?Expense Adjustments Faraday Electronic Service repairs stereos and DVD players. During 2019, Faraday engaged in the following activities: On September 1, Faraday paid Wausau Insurance $4,860 for its liability insurance for the next 12 months. The full amount of the prepayment was debited to prepaid insurance. At December 31, Faraday estimates that $1,520 of utility costs are unrecorded and unpaid. Faraday rents its testing equipment from JVC. Equipment rent in the amount of $1,440 is unpaid and unrecorded at December 31. In late October, Faraday agreed to become the sponsor for the sports segment of the evening news program on a local television station. The station billed Faraday $4,350 for 3 months' sponsorship-November 2019, December 2019, and January 2020-in advance. When these payments were made, Faraday debited prepaid advertising. At December 31, 2 months' advertising has been and I month remains unused. Required: Prepare adjusting entries at December 31 for these four activities. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would be the effect on expenses if the adjusting entries were not made?49EExercise 3-50 Prepayment of Expenses JDM Inc. made the following prepayments for expense items during 2019: Prepaid building rent for I year on April I by paying $6,600. Prepaid rent was debited for the amount paid. Prepaid 12 months' insurance on I by paying Prepaid insurance was debited. Purchased $5,250 of office supplies on 15, debiting supplies for the full amount. There were no office supplies on hand as of October 15. Office supplies costing $1,085 remain unused at December 3 1, 2019. Paid $600 for a 12-month service contract for repairs and maintenance on a computer. The contract begins November 1. The full amount of the payment was debited to prepaid repairs and maintenance.Exercise 3-51 Adjustment for Supplies The downtown location of Chicago Clothiers purchases large quantities Of supplies, including plastic garment bags and paper bags and boxes. At December 31, 2019, the following information is available concerning these supplies: Supplies inventory, 1/1/2019 $4,150 Supplies inventory, 12/31/2019 5,220 Supplies purchased for cash during 2019 12,690 All purchases of supplies during the year are debited to the supplies inventory. Required: What is the expense reported on the income statement associated with the use of supplies during 2019? What is the adjusting entry at December 31, 2019? By how much would assets and income be overstated or understated if the adjusting entry were not recorded?Adjusting Entries Exercise 3-52 Allentown Services Inc. is preparing adjusting entries for the year ending December 31, 2019. The following data are available: Interest is owed at December 31, 2019, on a 6-month, 8% note. Allentown borrowed $120,ooo from NBD on September 1, 2019. Allentown provides daily building maintenance services to Mack Trucks for a quarterly fee of $2,700 payable on the fifteenth of the month following the end of each quarter. No entries have been made for the services provided to Mack Trucks during the quarter ended December 31, and the related bill will not be sent until January 15, 2020. At the beginning of 2019, the cost of office supplies on hand was $1,220. During 2019, office supplies with a total cost of $6,480 were purchased from Office Depot and debited to office supplies inventory. On December 31, 2019, Allentown determined the cost of office supplies on hand to be $970. On September 23, 2019, Allentown received a $7,650 payment from Bethlehem Steel for 9 months of maintenance services beginning on October 1, 2019. The entire amount was credited to unearned service revenue when received. Required: Prepare the appropriate adjusting entries at December 31, 2019. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would be the effect on the balance sheet and the income statement if the accountant failed to make the above adjusting entries?53EExercise 3-54 Recreating Adjusting Entries Selected balance sheet accounts for Gardner Company are presented below. Required: Analyze each account and recreate the journal entries that are made. For deferrals, be sure to include the original journal entry as well as the adjusting journal entry. Month end is May 31, 2019.Exercise 3-55 Effect of Adjustments on the Financial Statements VanBrush Enterprises, a painting contractor, prepared the following adjusting entries at year end: a. Wages Expense ................ 2,550 Wages Payable 2,550 b. Accounts Receivable ....... 8,110 Service Revenue .............. 8,110 c. Unearned Service Revenue ………………… 5,245 Service Revenue ………..... 5.245 d. Rent Expense ............. 3,820 Prepaid Rem .......... 3,820 Required: 1. Show the effect of these adjustments on assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, and net Income. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If these adjustments were made with estimates that were considered conservative, how would this affect your interpretation of earnings quality?Exercise 3-56 Preparing an Income Statement Oxmoor Corporation prepared the following adjusted trial balance. Required: Prepare a single-step income statement for Oxmoor for the year ended December 31, 2019.Exercise 3-57 Preparing a Retained Earnings Statement Refer to the unadjusted trial balance for Oxmoor Corporation in Exercise 3-56. Required: Prepare a retained earnings statement for Oxmoor for the year ended December 31, 2019.Exercise 3-58 Preparing a Balance Sheet Refer to the unadjusted trial balance for Oxmoor Corporation in Exercise 3-56. Required: Prepare a classified balance sheet for Oxmoor at December 3 l , 2019.Exercise 3-59 Preparation of Closing Entries Grand Rapids Consulting Inc. began 2019 with a retained earnings balance of $38,100 and has the following accounts and balances at year end: Required: 1. Prepare the closing entries made by Grand Rapids Consulting at the end of 2019. 2. Prepare Grand Rapids Consultings retained earnings statement for 2019.Exercise 3-60 Preparation of Closing Entries James and Susan Morley recently converted a large turn-of-the-century house into a hotel and incorporated the business as Saginaw Enterprises. Their accountant is inexperienced and has made the following closing entries at the end of Saginaws first year of operations: Required: Indicate what is wrong with the closing entries above. Prepare the correct closing entries. Assume that all necessary accounts are presented above and that the amounts given are correct. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain why closing entries are necessary.Exercise 3-61 Preparation of a Worksheet (Appendix 3A) Unadjusted account balances at December 31, 2019, for Rapisarda Company are as follows: The following data are not yet recorded: Depreciation on the equipment is $18,350. Unrecorded wages owed at December 31 , 2019: $4,680. Prepaid rent at December 3 1 , 2019: $9,240. Income taxes expense: $5,463. Required: Prepare a completed worksheet for Rapisarda Company.Problem 3-62A Cash-Basis and Accrual-Basis Income George Hathaway, an electrician, entered into an agreement with a real estate management company to perform all maintenance of basic electrical systems and air-conditioning equipment in the apartment buildings under the companys management. The agreement, which is subject to annual renewal, provides for the payment of a fixed fee of S6,600 on January 1 of each year plus amounts for parts and materials billed separately at the end of each month. Amounts billed at the end of I month are collected in the next month. During the first 3 months of 2019, George makes the following additional billings and cash collections: Required: 1. Calculate the amount of cash-basis income reported for each of the first 3 months. 2. Calculate the amount of accrual-basis income reported for each of the first 3 months. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why do decision-makers prefer accrual-basis accounting?Problem 3-63A Revenue and Expense Recognition Security Specialists performs security services for local businesses. During 2019, Security Specialists performed of security services and collected cash from customers. Security Specialists employees earned salaries of $82,350 per month. During 2019, Security Services paid salaries of S980,200 cash for work performed. At the beginning of 2019, there were $2,875 of supplies on hand. Supplies of S65,800 were purchased during the year, and $9,225 of supplies were on hand at the end of the year. Other general and administrative expenses incurred during the year were $26,500. Required: Calculate revenue and expenses for 2019. Prepare the 2019 income statement. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Describe the accounting principles used to prepare the income statement.Problem 3-64A Identification and Preparation of Adjusting Entries Kueppers Day Care is a large daycare center in South Orange, New Jersey. The daycare center serves several nearby businesses as well as a number of individual families. The businesses pay $6,180 child per year for daycare services for their employees' children. The businesses pay in on a quarterly basis. For individual families, daycare services are provided monthly and billed at the beginning of the next month. The following transactions describe Kueppers activities during December 2019: On December 1, Kuepper borrowed $50,000 by issuing a 5-year, 9% note payable. Daycare service in the amount of $13,390 was provided to individual families during December. These families will not be billed until January 2020. At l, the balance in unearned service revenue was S26,780. At December 31, determined that$10,300 of this revenue was still unearned. On December 31, the daycare center collected $40,170 from businesses for services to be provided in 2020. On December 31, the center recorded depreciation of $1,875 on a bus that it uses for field trips. The daycare center had prepaid insurance at December 1 of an examination of the insurance policies indicates that prepaid insurance at December 31 is $3,000. Interest on the $50,000 note payable (see Transaction a) is unpaid and unrecorded at December 31. Salaries of $35,480 are owed but unpaid on December 31. Supplies of disposable diapers on December 1 are $4,200. At December 31, the cost of diapers in supplies is $750. Required: Identify whether each transaction is an adjusting entry or a regular journal entry. If the entry is an adjusting entry, identify it as an accrued revenue, accrued expense, deferred revenue, or deferred expense. Prepare the entries necessary to record the transactions above and on the previous page.Problem 3-65A Preparation of Adjusting Entries Bartow Photographic Services takes wedding and graduation photographs. At December 31, the end of Bartows accounting the following information is available: All wedding photographs are paid for in advance, and all cash collected for them is credited to Unearned Service Revenue. Except for a year end adjusting entry, no other entries are made for service revenue from wedding photographs. During the year, Bartow received $42,600 for wedding photographs. At year end, $37,400 of services had been performed. The beginning-of-the-year balance of Unearned Service Revenue was zero. During December, Bartow photographed 225 members of the next years graduating class of Shaw High School The school has asked Bartow to print one copy of a photograph of each student for the school files. Bartow delivers these photographs on December 28 and will bill the school S5.00 per student in January of next year. Revenue from photographs ordered by students will recorded as the orders are received during the early months of next year. Equipment used for developing and printing was rented for $22,500. The rental term was for 1 year beginning on August I and the entire year of rent was paid on August 1. The payment was debited to Prepaid Rent. Depreciation on the firms building for the current year is S9,400. Wages of S4, 170 are owed but unpaid and unrecorded at December 31. Supplies at the beginning of the year were $2,400. During the year, supplies costing $19,600 were purchased from Kodak. When the purchases were made, their cost was debited to Supplies. At year end, a physical inventory indicated that supplies costing $4,100 were on hand. Required: l. Prepare the adjusting entries for each of these items. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION By how much would net income overstated or understated if the accountant failed to make the adjusting entries?Problem 3-66A Effects of Adjusting Entries on the Accounting Equation Four adjusting entries are shown below. Wages Expense ……………………3,410 Wages Payable ……………………3,410 Accounts Receivable …………. 8,350 Service Revenue .….….….….….…..8,350 Rent Expense ……………….. 2,260 Prepaid Rent .….….….….….….… 2,260 Unearned Service Revenue ……………………… 5,150 Service Revenue …………………………………………….. 5,150 Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Analyze the adjusting entries and identify their effects on the financial statement accounts. (Note: Ignore any income tax effects.) Use the following format for your answer:Problem 3-67A Adjusting Entries and Financial Statements You have the following unadjusted trial balance for Rogers Corporation at December 31, 2019: At year end, you have the following data for adjustments: An analysis indicates that prepaid rent on December 31 should be $2,300. A physical inventory shows that S650 of office supplies is on hand. Depreciation for 2019 is $35,250. An analysis indicates that unearned service revenue should be $3,120. Wages in the amount of $3,450 are owed but unpaid and unrecorded at year end. Six months' interest at 8% on the note was paid on September 30. Interest for the period from October 1 to 31 is unpaid and unrecorded. Income taxes of $55,539 are owed but unrecorded and unpaid. Required: Prepare the adjusting entries. Prepare an income statement, a retained earnings statement, and a balance sheet using adjusted account balances. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why would you not want to prepare financial statements until after the adjusting entries are made?Problem 3-68A Inferring Adjusting Entries from Account Balance Changes The following schedule shows all the accounts of Fresno Travel Agency that received year end adjusting entries: Required: Calculate the missing amounts identified by the letters (a) through (e). Prepare the five adjusting entries that must have been made to cause the account changes as indicated.Problem 3-69A Preparation of Closing Entries and an Income Statement Round Grove Alarm Company provides security services to homes in northwestern Indiana. At year end 2019, after adjusting entries have been made, the following list of account balances is prepared: Required: Prepare closing entries for Round Grove Alarm. Prepare an income statement for Round Grove Alarm.Problem 3-70B Comprehensive Problem: Reviewing the Accounting Cycle Wilburton Riding Stables provides stables, care for animals, and grounds for riding and showing horses. The account balances at the beginning of 2019 were: During 2019, the following transactions occurred: Wilburton provided animal care services, all on credit, for $210,300. Wilburton rented stables to customers for $20,500 cash. Wilburton rented its grounds to individual riders, groups, and show organizations for $41,800 cash. There remains $15,600 of accounts receivable to be collected at December 31, 2019. Feed in the amount of $62,900 was purchased on credit and debited to the supplies Straw was purchased for $7,400 cash and debited to the supplies account. Wages payable at the beginning of 2019 were paid early in 2019. Wages were earned and paid during 2019 in the amount of $12,000. The income taxes payable at the beginning of 2019 were paid early in 2019. Payments of $73,000 were made to creditors for supplies previously purchased on credit. One years interest at 9% was paid on the note payable on July 1, 2019. During 2019, Jon Wilburton, a principal stockholder, purchased a horse for his Wife, Jennifer, to ride. The horse cost $7,000, and Wilburton used his personal credit to purchase it. The horse is stabled at the Wilburton home rather than at the riding stables. Property taxes were paid on the land and buildings in the amount of S17,000. Dividends were declared and paid in the amount Of The following data are available for adjusting entries: • Supplies (feed and straw) in the amount of $30,400 remained at year end. • Annual depreciation on the buildings is $6,000. • Annual depreciation on the equipment is • Wages of $4,000 were unrecorded and unpaid at year end. • Interest for 6 months at 9% per year on the note is unpaid and unrecorded at year end. • Income taxes of $16,500 were unpaid and unrecorded at year end. Required: Post the 2019 beginning balances to T-accounts. Prepare journal entries for Transactions a through j and post the journal entries to T-accounts, adding any new T-accounts you need. Prepare the adjustments and post the adjustments to the T-accounts, adding any new T-accounts you need. Prepare an income statement. Prepare a retained earnings statement. Prepare a classified balance sheet Prepare closing entries. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Did you include Transaction g among Tarkingtons 2019 journal entries? Why or why not?Problem 3-71 A Preparing a Worksheet (Appendix 3A) Marsteller Properties Inc. owns apartments that it rents to university students. At December 31, 2019, the following unadjusted account balances were available: The following information is available for adjusting entries: An analysis of apartment rental contracts indicates that S3,800 of apartment rent is unbilled and unrecorded at year end. A physical count Of supplies reveals that $1,400 of supplies are on hand at December 31 , 2019. Annual depreciation on the buildings is $204,250. An examination of insurance policies indicates that $12,000 Of the prepaid insurance applies to coverage for 2019. Six months' interest at 9% is unrecorded and unpaid on the notes payable.62BPSBProblem 3-63B Revenue and Expense Recognition Aunt Beas Catering Service provides catering service for special occasions. During 2019, Aunt Bea performed $228 of catering services and collected $228,200 of cash from customers. Salaries earned by Aunt Beas employees during 2019 were Aunt Bea paid employees $45,100 during 2019. Aunt Bea had $1,200 of supplies on hand at the beginning of the year and purchased an additional $12,640 of supplies during the year. Supplies on hand at the end of 2019 were $2,820. Other selling and administrative expenses incurred during 2019 were Required: Calculate revenue and expenses for 2019. Prepare the 2019 income statement. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Describe the accounting principles used to prepare the income statement.Problem 3-64B Identification and Preparation of Entries Morgan Dance Inc. provides ballet, tap, and jazz dancing instruction to promising young dancers. Morgan began operations in January 2020 and is preparing its monthly financial statements. The following items describe Morgans transactions in January 2020: Morgan requires that dance instruction be paid in advance-either monthly or quarterly. On January 1, Morgan received $4,125 for dance instruction to be provided during 2020. On January 31, Morgan noted that $825 of dance instruction revenue is still unearned. On January 20, Morgans hourly employees were paid $1,415 for work performed in January. Morgans insurance policy requires semiannual premium payments. Morgan paid the $3,000 insurance policy which covered the first half of 2020 in December 2019. When there are no scheduled dance classes, Morgan rents its dance studio for birthday parties for $100 per two-hour party. Four birthday parties were held during January. Morgan will not bill the parents until February. Morgan purchased $350 of office supplies on January 10. On January 31, Morgan determined that Office supplies of $770 were unused. Morgan received a January utility bill for S770. The bill will not be paid until it is due in February. Required: Identify whether each transaction is an adjusting entry or a regular journal entry. If the entry is an adjusting entry, identify it as an accrued revenue, accrued expense, deferred revenue, or deferred expense. Prepare the entries necessary to record the transactions above and on the previous page.Problem 3-65B Preparation of Adjusting Entries West Beach Resort operates a resort complex that specializes in hosting small business and professional meetings. West Beach closes its fiscal year on January 31, a time when it has few meetings under way. At January 31, 2020, the following data are available: A training meeting is under way for 16 individuals from Fashion Design. Fashion Design paid $4,500 in advance for each attending the 10-day training session. The meeting began on January 28 and will end on February 6. Twenty-one people from Northern Publishing are attending a sales meeting. The daily fee for each person attending the meeting is $280 (charged for each night a stays at the resort). The meeting began on January 29, and guests will depart on February 2. Northern will be billed at the end of the meeting. Depreciation on the golf carts used to transport the guests' luggage to and from their rooms is $11,250 for the year. West Beach records depreciation yearly. At January 31, Friedrich Catering is owed $1,795 for food provided for guests through that date. This amount is unrecorded. West Beach classifies the cost of food as an other expense on the income statement. An examination indicates that the cost of office supplies on hand at January 31 is $189. During the year, $850 of office supplies was purchased from Supply Depot. The cost of supplies purchased was debited to Office Supplies Inventory. No office supplies were on hand on January 31, 2019. Required: Prepare adjusting entries at January 31 for each of these items. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION By how much would net income be overstated or understated if the accountant failed to make the adjusting entries?Problem 3-66A Effects of Adjusting Entries on the Accounting Equation Four adjusting entries are shown below. Interest Expense ……………………1,875 Interest Payable ……………………1,875 Interest Receivable …………. 1,150 Interest Revenue .….….….….….…..1,150 Insaurance Expense ……………….. 2,560 Prepaid Insaurance .….….….….….….… 2,560 Unearned Rent Revenue ……………………… 4,680 Rent Revenue …………………………………………….. 4,680 Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Analyze the adjusting entries and identify their effects on the financial statement accounts. (Note: Ignore any income tax effects.) Use the following format for your answer:Problem 3-67B Adjusting Entries and Financial Statements The unadjusted trial balance for Mitchell Pharmacy appears below. The following information is available at year end for adjustments: An analysis of insurance policies indicates that $2,1800 of the prepaid insurance is coverage for 2020. Depreciation expense for 2019 is $10,130. Four months' interest at 10% is owed but unrecorded and unpaid on the note payable. Wages of $4,950 are owed but unpaid and unrecorded at December 31. Income taxes of $11,370 are owed but unrecorded and unpaid at December 31. Required: Prepare the adjusting entries. Prepare an income statement, a retained earnings statement, and a balance sheet using adjusted account balances. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why would you not want to prepare financial statements until after the adjusting entries are made?Problem 3-68B Inferring Adjusting Entries from Account Balance Changes The following schedule shows all the accounts of Eagle Imports that received year end adjusting entries: Required: Calculate the missing amounts identified by the letters (a) through (e). Prepare the five adjusting entries that must have been made to cause the account changes as indicated.Problem 3-69B Preparation of Closing Entries and an Income Statement Port Austin Boat Repair Inc. has entered and posted its adjusting entries for 2019. The following are selected account balances after adjustment: Required: Using the accounts and balances above, prepare the closing entries for 2019. Prepare an income statement for port Austin Boat Repair.Problem 3-70B Comprehensive Problem: Reviewing the Accounting Cycle Wilburton Riding Stables provides stables, care for animals, and grounds for riding and showing horses. The account balances at the beginning of 2019 were: During 2019, the following transactions occurred: Wilburton provided animal care services, all on credit, for $210,300. Wilburton rented stables to customers for $20,500 cash. Wilburton rented its grounds to individual riders, groups, and show organizations for $41,800 cash. There remains $15,600 of accounts receivable to be collected at December 31, 2019. Feed in the amount of $62,900 was purchased on credit and debited to the supplies Straw was purchased for $7,400 cash and debited to the supplies account. Wages payable at the beginning of 2019 were paid early in 2019. Wages were earned and paid during 2019 in the amount of $12,000. The income taxes payable at the beginning of 2019 were paid early in 2019. Payments of $73,000 were made to creditors for supplies previously purchased on credit. One years interest at 9% was paid on the note payable on July 1, 2019. During 2019, Jon Wilburton, a principal stockholder, purchased a horse for his Wife, Jennifer, to ride. The horse cost $7,000, and Wilburton used his personal credit to purchase it. The horse is stabled at the Wilburton home rather than at the riding stables. Property taxes were paid on the land and buildings in the amount of S17,000. Dividends were declared and paid in the amount Of The following data are available for adjusting entries: • Supplies (feed and straw) in the amount of $30,400 remained at year end. • Annual depreciation on the buildings is $6,000. • Annual depreciation on the equipment is • Wages of $4,000 were unrecorded and unpaid at year end. • Interest for 6 months at 9% per year on the note is unpaid and unrecorded at year end. • Income taxes of $16,500 were unpaid and unrecorded at year end. Required: Post the 2019 beginning balances to T-accounts. Prepare journal entries for Transactions a through k and post the journal entries to T-accounts, adding any new T-accounts you need. Prepare the adjustments and post the adjustments to the T-accounts, adding any new T-accounts you need. Prepare an income statement. Prepare a retained earnings statement. Prepare a classified balance sheet. Prepare closing entries. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Did you include Transaction i among Wilburtons 2019 journal entries? Why or why not?Problem 3-71B Preparing a Worksheet (Appendix 3A) Flint Inc. operates a cable television System. At December 31, 2019, the following unadjusted account balances were available: The following data are available for adjusting entries: At year end, $1,500 Of office supplies remain unused. Annual depreciation on the building is $20,000. Annual depreciation on the equipment is $150,000 The interest rate on the note is 8%. Four months' interest is unpaid and unrecorded at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, services of $94,000 have performed but are unbilled and unrecorded. Utility bills of $2,800 are unpaid and unrecorded at December 31, 2019. Income taxes of $49,633 were unpaid and unrecorded at year end.  Required: Prepare a worksheet for Flint. Prepare an income statement, a retained earnings statement, and a classified balance sheet for Flint. Prepare the closing entries.Case 3-72 Cash- or Accrual-Basis Accounting Karen Ragsdale owns a business that rents parking spots to students at the local university. Karens typical rental contract requires the student to pay the years rent of $450 ($50 per month) on September 1. When Karen prepares financial statements at the end of December, her accountant requires that Karen spread the $450 over the 9 months that each parking Spot is rented. Therefore, Karen can recognize only $200 of revenue (4 months) from each parking spot rental contract in the year the cash is collected and must defer (delay) recognition of the remaining $250 (5 months) to the next year. Karen argues that getting students to agree to rent the parking Spot is the most difficult part of the activity so she Ought to be able to recognize all $450 as revenue when the cash is received from a student. Required: Why do generally accepted accounting principles require the use of accrual accounting rather than cash-basis accounting for transactions like the one described here?Case 3-73 Recognition of Service Contract Revenue Zac Murphy is president of Blooming Colors Inc. which provides landscaping services in Tallahassee, Florida. On November 20, 2019, Mr. Murphy signed a service contract with Eastern State University. Under the contract, Blooming Colors will provide landscaping services for all Of Easterns buildings for a period of 2 years beginning on January l, 2020, and Eastern will pay Blooming Colors on a monthly basis beginning on January 31, 2020. Although the same amount of landscaping services will be rendered in every month, the contract provides for higher monthly payments in the first year. Initially, Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue from the contract should be recognized when the contract is signed in 2019; however, his accountant, Sue Storm, convinced him that this would be inappropriate. Then Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue should be recognized in an amount equal to the cash collected under the contract. Again, Ms. Storm argued against his proposal, indicating that generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) required recognition of an equal amount of contract revenue each month. Required: 1. Give a reason that might explain Mr. Murphys desire to recognize contract revenue earlier rather than later.Case 3-73 Recognition of Service Contract Revenue Zac Murphy is president of Blooming Colors Inc. which provides landscaping services in Tallahassee, Florida. On November 20, 2019, Mr. Murphy signed a service contract with Eastern State University. Under the contract, Blooming Colors will provide landscaping services for all Of Easterns buildings for a period of 2 years beginning on January l, 2020, and Eastern will pay Blooming Colors on a monthly basis beginning on January 31, 2020. Although the same amount of landscaping services will be rendered in every month, the contract provides for higher monthly payments in the first year. Initially, Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue from the contract should be recognized when the contract is signed in 2019; however, his accountant, Sue Storm, convinced him that this would be inappropriate. Then Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue should be recognized in an amount equal to the cash collected under the contract. Again, Ms. Storm argued against his proposal, indicating that generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) required recognition of an equal amount of contract revenue each month. Required: Put yourself in the position of Sue Storm. How would you convince Mr. Murphy that his two proposals are unacceptable and that an equal amount of revenue should be recognized every month?Case 3-73 Recognition of Service Contract Revenue Zac Murphy is president of Blooming Colors Inc. which provides landscaping services in Tallahassee, Florida. On November 20, 2019, Mr. Murphy signed a service contract with Eastern State University. Under the contract, Blooming Colors will provide landscaping services for all Of Easterns buildings for a period of 2 years beginning on January l, 2020, and Eastern will pay Blooming Colors on a monthly basis beginning on January 31, 2020. Although the same amount of landscaping services will be rendered in every month, the contract provides for higher monthly payments in the first year. Initially, Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue from the contract should be recognized when the contract is signed in 2019; however, his accountant, Sue Storm, convinced him that this would be inappropriate. Then Mr. Murphy proposed that the revenue should be recognized in an amount equal to the cash collected under the contract. Again, Ms. Storm argued against his proposal, indicating that generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) required recognition of an equal amount of contract revenue each month. Required: 3. If Ms. Storms proposal is adopted. how would the contract be reflected in the balancesheets at the end of 2019 and at the end of 2020?Case 3-74 Revenue Recognition Melaney Parks purchased HealthPlus Fitness in January 2019. Melaney wanted to increase the size of the business by selling 3-year memberships for $3,000, payable at the beginning of the membership period. The normal yearly membership fee is $1,500. Since few prospective members were expected to want to spend $3,000 at the beginning of the membership period, Melaney arranged for a local bank to provide a installment loan to prospective members. By the end of 2019, 250 customers had purchased the 3-year memberships using the loan provided by the bank. Melaney prepared her income Statement for 2019 and included $750,000 ($3,000 Ă— 250 members) as revenue because the club had collected the entire amount in cash. Melaneys accountant objected to the inclusion of the entire $750,000. The accountant argued that the $750,000 should be recognized as revenue as the club provides services for these members during the membership period. Melaney countered that memberships have been sold and the collection of the selling price has occurred. Therefore, she argues that all $750,000 is revenue in 2019. Required: 1. Write a short statement supporting either Melaney or the accountant in this dispute.74.2C75C76C77.1C77.2C78.1C78.2CCase 3-78 Interpreting Closing Entries Barnes Building Systems made the following closing entries at the end of a recent year: a. Income Summary ............................. 129,750 Retained Earnings ........................ 129,750 b. Retained Earnings ........................... 25,000 Dividends ..................................... 25.000 c. Sales Revenue .................................. 495,300 Income Summary ......................... 495,300 d. Income Summary ............................. 104,100 Interest Expense ........................... 104,100 Required: If the sales revenue identified in Entry c was Barness only revenue, what was the total amount of Barness expenses?Case 3-79 Research and Analysis Using the Annual Report Obtain FedEx Corporations 2016 annual report either through the Investor Relations portion of their website (do a web search for FedEx investor relations) or go to www.sec.gov and click Company Filings Search under Filings. Required: 1. How does FedEx apply the revenue recognition principle?79.2C79.3C79.4C79.5C80.1CRefer to the 10-K reports of Under Armour, Inc., and Columbia Sportswear that are available for download from the companion website at CengageBrain.com. Required: Which accounts on the balance sheet and income statement of each company may require adjusting entries? Would these accounts require accruals or deferrals?80.3C80.4C81.1C81.2C81.3C81.4C81.5C81.6C81.7C1DQ2DQThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act increased top managements responsibility for what?4DQ5DQ6DQ7DQ8DQ9DQ10DQ11DQ12DQ13DQ14DQ15DQ16DQ17DQ18DQ19DQ20DQ21DQ22DQ1MCQ2MCQWhich of the following is not one of the five components of internal control? a. Analysis of control procedures b. Information and communication c. Risk assessment d. Control environment4MCQThe internal audit function is part of what element of the internal control system? a. Control environment b. Monitoring c. Risk assessment d. Control activities6MCQ7MCQ8MCQWhich one of the following would not appear on a bank statement for a checking account? a. Deposits b. Interest earned c. Service charges d. Outstanding checks10MCQ11MCQ12MCQ13MCQ14MCQ15MCQ16CE17CECornerstone Exercise 4-18 Adjusting Entry from Bank Reconciliation A customer of Mutare paid for merchandise originally purchased on account with a check that has been erroneously entered into Mutares cash account for $570 (it actually has been issued and paid for $750). Required: Record the appropriate journal entry to correct the error.19CE20CECornerstone Exercise 4-21 Cash Over and Short On a recent day, Pence Company obtained the following data from its cash registers: Pence deposits its cash receipts in its bank account daily. Required: Prepare a journal entry to record these cash sales.Cornerstone Exercise 4-22 Cash Over and Short Walker Department Store has one cash register. On a recent day, the cash register tape reported sales in the amount of $13,729.87. Actual cash in the register (after deducting and removing the opening change amount of $75) was $13,747.21, which was deposited in the firms bank account. Required: Prepare a journal entry to record these cash collections.23CE24CE25BE26BE27BE28BE29BE30BE31BE32BE33BE34BE35BE36BE37BE38BE39E40E41E42EMiller Enterprises deposits the cash received during each day at the end of the day. Miller deposited $48,287 on October 3 and $50,116 on October 4. Cash register records and other documents E supporting the deposits are summarized as follows: 10.8 10 Cash sale: $36,690 $49,310 @ Collections on account 10,875 9,813 Total receipts $41565 $541123 mn: HUI Required: 1. Calculate the amount 0? cash over or cash shun for each day. 2. Prepare the journal entry to record the receipt and deposit of cash on October 3. 3. Prepare the journal entry to record the receipt and deposit of cash on October 4. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If you were the manager with responsibility over the cash registers. how would you use this information?44E45E46E47EHawk Enterprises identified the following items on its January,r reconciliaLion that may require adjusting entries: a. A deposit of $1,190 was recorded in Hawks accounting records. but not on the January 31 bank statement. b. A check for $3.31 was outstanding at January 31. c. Included with the bank statement was a check for $560 written by Eagle Corporation. The bank had in error, deducted this check from Hawks account. d. Bank service charges were $371. e. An NSF check written by one of Hawks customers in the amount of $1,150 was returned by the bank with Hawks bank statement. This customer was paying for merchandise originally purchased on account. Required: For each of these five items, prepare an adjusting entry for Hawks jaumai1 if any is required.49E50E51E52E53EExercise 4-54 Operating Cycle and Current Receivables a. Dither and Sly are attorneys-at-law who specialize in federal income tax law. The): complete their typical case in 6 months or less and collect from the typical client within 1 additional month. b. Johnstons Market specializes in fresh meat and fish. All merchandise must be sold within one week of purchase. Almost all sales are for cash and any receivables are generally paid by the end of the following month. c. Mortondos is a womens clothing store specializing in high-style merchandise. Merchandise spends an average of 7 months on the rack following purchase. Most sales are on credit and the typical customer pays within 1 month of sale. d. Trees Inc. grows Christmas trees and sells them to various Christmas tree lots. Most sales are for cash. It takes 6 years to grow a tree. Required: For each of the businesses described above, indicate the length of the operating cycle.55APSA56APSA57APSA58APSA59APSA60APSA61APSA55BPSB56BPSB57BPSB58BPSB59BPSB60BPSB61BPSB62.1C62.2C62.3C62.4C63.1C63.2C64.1C64.2C65C66.1C66.2C67.1C67.2C68.1C68.2C68.3C68.4C69.1C69.2C69.3C69.4CCase 4-70 CONTINUING PROBLEM: FRONT ROW ENTERTAINMENT Over the next 2 months, Front Row Entertainment continued to enjoy success in signing artists and promoting their events. However, the increased business has put considerable stress on keeping timely and up-to-date financial records. In particular, both Cam and Anna are concerned with the accounting and management of the companys cash. The tour promotion industry is a cash-intensive industry, normally requiring large prepayments to secure venues and arrange advertising. When the number of artists under contract were small, Cam and Anna developed a simple system to manage the companys cash. Normally, any cash received was put in a file cabinet in the companys office. If the amount appeared to be getting large, a deposit was made. Similarly, if a large check needed to be written, either Cam or Anna would check the balance in the checkbook. If cash was not sufficient to cover the check, they'd get cash from the file cabinet and deposit the amount necessary to cover the check. However, with the increasing business, they would often forget to make deposits, causing several checks to be returned for non-sufficient funds. In addition, they were in the process of hiring additional office staff who would start work on May l. They knew that leaving cash in a file cabinet would not be a good idea. In order to obtain a better understanding of their cash position, Anna decides to perform a bank reconciliation-something she had failed to do since the company was started. According to the accounting records, the cash balance at April 30 was $7,495. Anna obtained the following information from Front Rows April bank statement and an analysis of canceled checks and deposits: Balance per bank at April 30 $3,250 Deposits in transit at April 30 4,370 Outstanding checks as of April 30 1,160 Debit memo for April utilities 845 Bank service charge for April 50 Interest earned during April 450 NSF check from customer 590 Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Discuss the purpose Of an internal control System. How would the development of an internal control system benefit Front Row Entertainment? In your answer, be sure to highlight any problems that you noted with Front Row Entertainments current system of accounting for cash.70.2C70.3C70.4CWhen is revenue recognized?When is a performance obligation satisfied?At what amount should sales revenue be recorded when sales discounts are present?4DQ5DQ6DQ7DQ8DQ9DQWhy is the direct write-off method not GAAP?11DQ12DQ13DQHow much interest will be due at maturity for each of the following interest-bearing notes?A business borrows $1,000, signing a note that requires repayment of the amount borrowed in two payments of $600 each, one at the end of each of the next two 6-month periods. Calculate the total interest on the note. What is the principal amount of the note?16DQDescribe what happens when receivables are factored.18DQ19DQ20DQ21DQHow may analyzing sales and receivables provide information about a firms profitability?23DQ1MCQWhen is revenue from the sale of merchandise normally recognized? a. When the customer takes possession of the merchandise, if sold for cash, or when payment is received, if sold on credit b. When the customer pays for the merchandise c. Either on the date the customer takes possession of the merchandise or the date on which the customer pays d. When the customer takes possession of the merchandiseWhat does the phrase, Revenue is recognized at the point of sale mean? a. Revenue is recorded in the accounting records when the cash is received from a customer and reported on the income statement when sold to the customer. b. Revenue is recorded in the accounting records and reported on the income statement when goods are sold and delivered to the customer. c. Revenue is recorded in the accounting records when the goods are sold to a customer and reported on the income statement when the cash payment is received from the customer. d. Revenue is recorded in the accounting records and reported on the income statement when the cash is received from the customer.4MCQ5MCQ6MCQ7MCQAll of the following are ways in which receivables are commonly distinguished except a. collectible or uncollectible. b. trade or nontrade receivable. c. current or noncurrent. d. accounts or notes receivable.Which one of the following best describes the allowance for doubtful accounts? a. Cash flow account b. Income statement account c. Contra-account d. Liability accountIf a company uses the direct write-off method of accounting for bad debts, a. it will report accounts receivable on the balance sheet at their net realizable value. b. it is applying the matching principle. c. it will reduce the Accounts Receivable account at the end of the accounting period for estimated uncollectible accounts. d. it will record bad debt expense only when an account is determined to be uncollectible.11MCQWhich of the following best describes the concept of the aging method of receivables? a. An accurate estimate of bad debt expense may be arrived at by multiplying historical bad debt rates by the amount of credit sales made during a period. b. The precise amount of bad debt expense may be arrived at by multiplying historical bad debt rates by the amount of credit sales made during a period. c. Estimating the appropriate balance for the allowance for doubtful accounts results in the appropriate value for net accounts receivable on the balance sheet. d. Accounts receivable should be directly written off when the due date arrives and the customers have not paid the bill.The aging method is closely related to the a. income statement. b. balance sheet. c. statement of cash flows. d. statement of retained earnings.14MCQ15MCQ16MCQZenephia Corp. accepted a 9-month note receivable from a customer on October 1, 2019. If Zenephia has an accounting period which ends on December 31, 2019, when would it most likely recognize interest income from the note? a. December 31, 2019, and June 30, 2020 b. October 1, 2019 c. December 31, 2019, only d. June 30, 2020, only18MCQ19MCQ( Appendix 5A) Under the gross method, the seller records discounts taken by the buyer a. at the time of sale. b. at the end of the period in question. c. never; discounts are irrelevant under the gross method. d. as a reduction to sales revenue.Service Revenue Kibitz Fitness received S30000 from customers on August l, 2019. These payments were advance payments of yearly membership dues. Required: At December 31, 2019, calculate what the balances in the Unearned Service Revenue and Service Revenue accounts will be.Service Revenue Softball Magazine Company received advance payments of $75,000 from customers during 2019. At December 31, 2019, $20,000 of the advance payments still had not been earned. Required: After the adjustments are recorded and posted at December 31, 2019, calculate what the balances will be in the Unearned Magazine Revenue and Magazine Revenue accounts. Use the following information for Cornerstone Exercises 5-23 and 5-24: Bolton sold a customer service contract with a price of S37 000 to Sammys Wholesale Company. Bolton offered terms of 1/10, n/30 and expects Sammy to pay within the discount period.23CE24CEPercentage of Credit Sales Clarissa Company has credit sales of $550,000 during 2019 and estimates at the end of 2019 that 2.5% of these credit sales will eventually default. Also, during 2019 a customer defaults on a $775 balance related to goods purchased in 2018. Prior to the write-off for the $775 default, Clarissas accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts balances were $402,000 and $129 (credit), respectively. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the defaulted account. 2. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the bad debt expense for 2019.Write-Off of Uncollectible Accounts The Rock has credit sales of $425 000 during 2019 and estimates at the end of 2019 that 1.5% of these credit sales will eventually default. Also, during 2019 a customer defaults on a $1,200 balance related to goods purchased in 2019. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the defaulted balance. 2. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the bad debt expense for 2019.Aging Method On January 1, 2019, Hungryman Inc. has the following balances for accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts: Accounts Receivable $1,280,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (a credit balance) 44,000 During 2019, Hungryman had $18,500,000 of credit sales, collected $17,945,000 of accounts receivable, and wrote off $60,000 of accounts receivable as uncollectible. At year end, Hungryman performs an aging of its accounts receivable balance and estimates that $52,000 will be uncollectible. Required: 1. Calculate Hungrymans preadjustment balance in accounts receivable on December 31 , 2019. 2. Calculate Hungrymans preadjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2019. 3. Prepare the necessary adjusting entry for 2019.Aging Method On January 1, 2019, Smith Inc. has the following balances for accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts: Accounts Receivable $382,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (a credit balance) 4,200 During 2019, Smith had $2,865,000 of credit sales, collected $2,905,000 of accounts receivable, and wrote off $3,850 of accounts receivable as uncollectible. At year end, Smith performs an aging of its accounts receivable balance and estimates that $3,800 will be uncollectible. Required: 1. Calculate Smiths preadjustment balance in accounts receivable on December 31, 2019. 2. Calculate Smiths preadjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2019. 3. Prepare the necessary adjusting entry for 2019.29CE30CEAccounts Receivable Balance Beginning accounts receivable were $275,500, and ending accounts receivable were $302,300. Cash amounting to $2,965,000 was collected from customers' credit sales. Required: Calculate the amount of sales on account during the period.Accounts Receivable Balance Beginning accounts receivable were $80,200, and ending accounts receivable were $83,700. All sales were on credit and totaled $562,900. Required: Determine how much cash was collected from customers.33CENotes Receivable Metzler Communications designs and programs a website for a local business. Metzler charges $46,000 for the project, and the local business signs an 8% note January 1, 2019. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the sale on January 1, 2019. 2. Determine how much interest Metzler will receive if the note is repaid on October 1, 2019. 3. Prepare Metzlers journal entry to record the cash received to pay off the note and interest on October 1, 2019.Notes Receivable Link Communications programs voicemail systems for businesses. For a recent project, they charged $135 000. The customer secured this amount by signing a note bearing 9% interest on February 1, 2019. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the sale on February 1, 2019. 2. Determine how much interest Link will receive if the note is repaid on December 1, 2019. 3. Prepare Links journal entry to record the cash received to pay off the note and interest on December 1, 2019.Ratio Analysis The following information pertains to Cobb Corporations financial results for the past year. Net sales $135,000 Cost of goods sold 48,000 Other expenses 37,000 Net income 50,000 Required: Calculate Cobbs (1) gross profit margin ratio and (2) net profit margin ratio.Ratio Analysis Diviney Corporations net sales and average net trade accounts receivable were $8,750,000 and $630,000, respectively. Required: Calculate Divineys accounts receivable turnover.38CEService Revenue H**R Wholesalers is a retailer providing low cost, bulk items to small companies. Companies must pay an annual membership fee of $100 to access H&R’s warehouses. H&R received yearly membership fees from 420 companies on August 1, 2019. Required: At December 31, 2019, calculate the remaining amount of Unearned Revenue and the account balance of the Revenue account.Service Revenue Melrose Milk Delivery provides weekly gourmet milk delivery to the residents of Nicetown. Melrose charges each customer $45 per week for its milk delivery, and it received advance payments for 2,000 weeks of milk delivery services in 2019. At December 31, 2019, two-thirds of the advance payments had been earned. Required: After the adjustments are recorded and posted at December 31, 2019, calculate what the balances will be in the Unearned Revenue and Revenue accounts?41BE42BE43BEWrite-Off of Uncollectible Accounts King Enterprises had 27 customers utilizing its financial planning services in 2019. Each customer paid King $25,000 for receiving Kings assistance. King estimates that 2% of its $675,000 credit sales in 2019 will be uncollectible. During 2020, King wrote off $2,700 related to services performed in 2019. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the defaulted balance. 2. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the bad debt expense for 2019.Aging Method Spotted Singer sells karaoke machines to businesses and consumers via the Internet. On January 1, 2019, Spotted Singer Inc. has an Accounts Receivable balance of $997,000 and a credit balance in its Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $24,000. During 2019, Spotted Singer had $10,800,000 of credit sales, collected $1,725,000 of accounts receivable, and had customer defaults of $45,000. At year end, an aging analysis indicates that $28,000 of Spotted Singers receivables will be uncollectible. Required: 1. Calculate Spotted Singers balance in accounts receivable on December 31, 2019, prior to the adjustment. 2. Calculate Spotted Singers balance in allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2019, prior to the adjustment. 3. Prepare the necessary adjusting entry for 2019.Aging Method Ingrid Inc. has strict credit policies and only extends credit to customers with outstanding credit history. The company examined its accounts and determined that at January 1, 2019, it had balances in Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $478,000 and $7,900 (credit), respectively. During 2019, Ingrid extended credit for $3,075,000 of sales, collected $2,715,000 of accounts receivable, and had customer defaults of $4,280. Ingrid performed an aging analysis on its receivables at year end and determined that $6,800 of its receivables will be uncollectible. Required: 1. Calculate Ingrids balance in accounts receivable on December 31, 2019, prior to the adjustment. 2. Calculate Ingrids balance in allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2019, prior to the adjustment. 3. Prepare the necessary adjusting entry for 2019.Percentage of Credit Sales Method Ruby Red manufactures, markets, and distributes citrus flavored soft drinks across the globe. Ruby Red hired a collection agency in 2018 to increase collection rates from customers. As a result, Ruby estimates that only 2% of its 2019 credit sales will be written off, compared to the 4% of 2018s credit sales that were estimated to be uncollectible. At December 31, 2019, Ruby Red has a $12,800 credit balance in its allowance for doubtful accounts and credit sales of $1,570,000. Required: Use the percentage of credit sales method to calculate the bad debt expense.Collection of Amounts Previously Written Off Hannah purchased a laptop computer from Perry Corp. for $1,500. Hannahs receivable has been outstanding for over 180 days, and Perry determines that the total amount is uncollectible and writes off all of Hannahs debt. Hannah later receives a windfall and pays the amount of her balance to Perry Corp. Required: Make the appropriate journal entries (if any) to record the receipt of $450 by Perry Corp.Accounts Receivable Balance Hart Inc. began the year with $315,700 of accounts receivable. During the year, Hart sold a considerable amount of merchandise on credit and collected $2,427,000 of its credit sales. At the end of the year, the accounts receivable balance is $16,800 lower than the beginning balance. Required: Calculate the amount of credit sales during the period.Accounts Receivable Balance XYZ Corp sells widgets to consumers for $20 each. Its beginning accounts receivable balance was $24,975, and it sold 12,376 widgets throughout the year. The total cash collections for the year amounted to $217,750. Required: Calculate the ending accounts receivable balance.Accounts Receivable Balance Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and $142,720, respectively. Rays sold $3,745,060 of merchandise, of which 50% was on credit. Required: Determine the amount of cash collections for the period.52BE53BE54BERatio Analysis Dobbys income statement lists net sales of $179,000 and a gross margin of $111,000. All other expenses not included in the gross margin totaled $46,500. Required: 1. Calculate Dobbys gross profit ratio. 2. Calculate Dobbys net profit margin ratio.Ratio Analysis Rose Corporation sells upscale lamps to boutiques across the country. The average net trade accounts receivable for Rose is $540,000. In addition, the company has average net sales of $6,950,000. Required: Calculate Roses accounts receivable turnover.57BE( Appendix 5A) Sales Discounts Harry Gardner provides tax services for small businesses. This years tax season has proved especially lucrative for Harry; he earned $45,000 for providing his services. Harry uses terms of 1/10, n/30 in billing his customers. Required: 1. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record the sale, assuming Harry does not expect his customers to pay within the discount period. 2. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record collection of the receivable assuming the customer pays within 10 days. 3. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record collection of the receivable assuming the customer pays after 10 days.( Appendix 5A) Sales Discounts Ramsden Inc. provided consulting services with a gross price of $25,000 and terms of 2/10, n/30. Required: 1. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record the sale under the gross method. 2. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record collection of the receivable, assuming the customer pays within 10 days. 3. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record collection of the receivable, assuming the customer pays after 10 days.Calculation of Revenue Wallace Motors buys and sells used cars. Wallace made the following sales during January and February: a. Three cars were sold to Russell Taxi for a total of $75,000; the cars were delivered to Russell on January 18. Russell paid Wallace $20,000 on January 18 and the remaining $55,000 on February 12. b. One car was sold to Hastings Classics for $28,000. The car was delivered to Hastings on January 25. Hastings paid Wallace on February 1. Required: Calculate the monthly revenue for Wallace for January and February.61ECalculation of Revenue from Cash Collection Anderson Lawn Service provides mowing, weed control, and pest management services for a flat fee of $300 per lawn per month. During November, Anderson collected $9,900 in cash from customers, which included $1,200 for lawn care provided in October. At the end of November, Anderson had not collected from 6 customers who had promised to pay in December when they returned from vacation. Required: Calculate the amount of Andersons revenue for November.63ESales and Sales Returns and Allowances Rubin Enterprises had the following sales-related transactions on a recent day. a. Billed customer $27,500 on account for services already provided. b. Collected $5,875 in cash for services to be provided in the future. c. The customer complained about aspects of the services provided in Transaction a. To maintain a good relationship with this customer, Rubin granted an allowance of $1,500 off the list price. The customer had not yet paid for the services. d. Rubin provided the services for the customer in Transaction b. Additionally, Rubin granted an allowance of $350 because the services were provided after the promised date. Because the customer had already paid, Rubin paid the $350 allowance in cash. Required: 1. Prepare the necessary journal entry (or entries) for each of these transactions. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What concerns would Rubin have assuming that the sales allowances for this period were significantly higher than in previous periods both in absolute terms and as a percentage of gross sales?Average Uncollectible Account Losses and Bad Debt Expense The accountant for Porile Company prepared the following data for sales and losses from uncollectible accounts: Required: 1. Calculate the average percentage of losses from uncollectible accounts for 2015 through 2018. 2. Assume that the credit sales for 2019 are $1,260,000 and that the weighted average percentage calculated in Requirement 1 is used as an estimate of loses from uncollectible accounts for 2019 credit sales. Determine the bad debt expense for 2019 using the percentage of credit sales method. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Do you believe this estimate of bad debt expense is reasonable? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION How would you estimate 2019 bad debt expense if losses from uncollectible accounts for 2018 were What other action would management consider?Bad Debt Expense: Percentage of Credit Sales Method Gilmore Electronics had the following data for a recent year: Cash sales $135,000 Credit sales 512,000 Accounts receivable determined to be uncollectible 9,650 The firms estimated rate for bad debts is 2.2% of credit sales. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to write off the uncollectible accounts. 2. Prepare the journal entry to record the estimate of bad debt expense. 3. If Gilmore had written off $3,000 of receivables as uncollectible during the year, how much would bad debt expense reported on the income statement have changed? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If Gilmores estimate of bad debts is correct (2.2% of credit sales) and the gross margin is 20%, by how much did Gilmores income from operations increase assuming $150,000 of the sales would have been lost if credit sales were not offered?67EBad Debt Expense: Aging Method Glencoe Supply had the following accounts receivable aging schedule at the end of a recent year. The balance in Glencoes allowance for doubtful accounts at the beginning of the year was $58,620 (credit). During the year, accounts in the total amount of $62,400 were written off. Required: 1. Determine bad debt expense. 2. Prepare the journal entry to record bad debt expense. 3. If Glencoe had written off $90,000 of receivables as uncollectible during the year, how much would bad debt expense reported on the income statement have changed?Aging Receivables and Bad Debt Expense Perkinson Corporation sells paper products to a large number of retailers. Perkinsons accountant has prepared the following aging schedule for its accounts receivable at the end of the year. Before adjusting entries are entered, the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts is a debit of $480. Required: 1. Calculate the desired postadjustment balance in Perkinsons allowance for doubtful accounts. 2. Determine bad debt expense for the year.Allowance for Doubtful Accounts At the beginning of the year, Kullerud Manufacturing had a credit balance in its allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,670, and at the end of the year it was a credit balance of $11,240. During the year, Kullerud made credit sales of $1,270,990, collected receivables in the amount of $1,240,830, and recorded bad debt expense of $42,550. Required: Compute the amount of receivables that Kullerud wrote off during the year.Collection of Amounts Previously Written Off Customer Rob Hufnagel owes Kellman Corp. $1,250. Kellman determines that the total amount is uncollectible and writes off all of Hufnagels debt. Hufnagel later pays $350 to Kellman. Required: Make the appropriate journal entries (if any) to record the receipt of $350 by Kellman.72EAccounting for Notes Receivable On November 30, 2019, Tucker Products performed computer programming services for Thomas Inc. in exchange for a 5-month, $125,000, 9% note receivable. Thomas paid Tucker the full amount of interest and principal on April 30, 2020. Required: Prepare the necessary entries for Tucker to record the transactions described above.Recording Notes Receivable: Issuance, Payment, and Default Marydale Products permits its customers to defer payment by giving personal notes instead of cash. All the notes bear interest and require the customer to pay the entire note in a single payment 6 months after issuance. Consider the following transactions, which describe Marydales experience with two such notes: a. On October 31, 2019, Marydale accepts a 6-month, 9% note from Customer A in lieu of a $3,600 cash payment for services provided that day. b. On February 28, 2020, Marydale accepts a 6-month, $2,400, 7% note from Customer B in lieu of a $2,400 cash payment for services provided on that day. c. On April 30, 2020, Customer A pays the entire note plus interest in cash. d. On August 31, 2020, Customer B pays the entire note plus interest in cash. Required: Prepare the necessary journal and adjusting entries required to record Transactions a through d in Marydales records.75ERatio Analysis The following information was taken from Nash Inc.s trial balances as of December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Required: 1. Calculate the net profit margin and accounts receivable turnover for 2019. ( Note: Round answers to two decimal places.) 2. How much does Nash make on each sales dollar? 3. How many days does the average receivable take to be paid (assuming all sales are on account)?Ratio Analysis The following information was taken from Logsden Manufacturings trial balances as of December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Required: 1. Calculate the gross profit margin and operating margin percentage for 2019. ( Note: Round answers to two decimal places.) 2. Assuming that all of the operating expenses are fixed (or, wont change as sales increase or decrease), what will be the operating margin percentage if sales increase by 25%?78E79APSA80APSA81APSA82APSABad Debt Expense: Percentage of Credit Sales Method The Glass House, a glass and china store, sells nearly half its merchandise on credit. During the past 4 years, the following data were developed for credit sales and losses from uncollectible accounts: Required: 1. Calculate the loss rate for each year from 2016 through 2018. ( Note: Round answers to three decimal places.) 2. Determine whether there appears to be a significant change in the loss rate over time. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If credit sales for 2020 are $400,000, determine what loss rate you would recommend to estimate bad debts. ( Note: Round answers to three decimal places.) 4. Using the rate you recommend, record bad debt expense for 2020. 5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Assume that the increase in The Glass Houses sales in 2020 was largely due to granting credit to customers who would have been denied credit in previous years. How would this change your answer to Requirement 4? Describe a legitimate business reason why The Glass House would adopt more lenient credit terms. 6. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Using the data from 2016 through 2019, estimate the increase in income from operations in total for those 4 years assuming (a) the average gross margin is 25% and (b) 50% of the sales would have been lost if no credit was granted.Aging Method Bad Debt Expense Cindy Bagnal, the manager of Cayce Printing Service, has provided the following aging schedule for Cayces accounts receivable Cindy indicates that the $121,100 of accounts receivable identified in the table does not include $4,600 of receivables that should be written off. Required: 1. Journalize the $4,600 write-off. 2. Determine the desired post adjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts (round each aging category to the nearest dollar). 3. If the balance in allowance for doubtful accounts before the $4,600 write-off was a debit of $700, compute bad debt expense. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debt expense.Determining Bad Debt Expense Using the Aging Method At the beginning of the year, Tennyson Auto Parts had an accounts receivable balance of $31,800 and a balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,980 (credit). During the year, Tennyson had credit sales of $624,300, collected accounts receivable in the amount of $602,700, wrote off $18,600 of accounts receivable, and had the following data for accounts receivable at the end of the period: Required: 1. Determine the desired post adjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts. 2. Determine the balance in allowance for doubtful accounts before the bad debt expense adjusting entry is posted. 3. Compute bad debt expense. 4. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debt expense.Accounting for Notes Receivable Yarnell Electronics sells computer systems to small businesses. Yarnell engaged in the following activities involving notes receivable: a. On September 1, 2019, Yarnell sold a $10,000 system to Ross Company. Ross gave Yarnell a 6-month, 7% note as payment. b. On December 1, 2019, Yarnell sold a $6,000 system to Searfoss Inc. Searfoss gave Yarnell a 9-month, 9% note as payment. c. On March 1, 2020, Ross paid the amount due on its note. d. On September 1, 2020, Searfoss paid the amount due on its note. Required: Prepare the necessary journal and adjusting entries for Yarnell Electronics to record these transactions.87APSA88APSA79BPSB80BPSB81BPSB82BPSB83BPSBAging Method Bad Debt Expense Carol Simon, the manager of Handy Plumbing has provided the following aging schedule for Handys accounts receivable: Carol indicates that the $125,200 of accounts receivable identified in the table does not include $9,400 of receivables that should be written off. Required: 1. Journalize the $9,400 write-off. 2. Determine the desired post adjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts. 3. If the balance in allowance for doubtful accounts before the $9,400 write-off was a debit of $550, compute bad debt expense. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debt expense.Determining Bad Debt Expense Using the Aging Method At the beginning of the year, Lennon Electronics had an accounts receivable balance of $34,800 and a balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,640 (credit). During the year, Lennon had credit sales of $891,420, collected accounts receivable in the amount of $821,400, wrote off $28,990 of accounts receivable, and had the following data for accounts receivable at the end of the period: Required: 1. Determine the desired post adjustment balance in allowance for doubtful accounts (round amounts to nearest dollar for each aging category). 2. Determine the balance in allowance for doubtful accounts before the bad debt expense adjusting entry is posted. 3. Compute bad debt expense. 4. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debt expense.