In some regions of the southwest United States, the water is very hard. For example, in Las Cruces, New Mexico, the tap water contains about 560 μ g of dissolved solids per milliliter. Reverse osmosis units are marketed in this area to soften water. A typical unit exerts a pressure of 8.0 atm and can produce 45 L water per day. a. Assuming all of the dissolved solids are MgCO 3 and assuming a temperature of 27°C, what total volume of water must be processed to produce 45 L pure water? b. Would the same system work for purifying seawater? (Assume seawater is 0.60 M NaCl.)

Q: Expert Answer

a) Interpretation Introduction Interpretation: The total volume of water has to be calculated and to predict if the same system would work for purifying seawater Concept Introduction: Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution. The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation, Π=MRT Here,Π=Osmotic pressure M=Molarity of solution R= Gas law constant T=Temperature Explanation Record the given info Temperature = 27°C Volume of Water = 45L Osmotic pressure = 8 .0 atm Mass of dissolved solids = 560 μg To calculate the moles of Magnesium chloride Molar mass of Magnesium chloride = 84 .32 g Assume MgCO 3 (s) does not dissociate, the concentration of solute in water, Moles of MgCO 3 = 560μg mL = 560 mg L = 560×10 -3 g L × 1 mol MgCO 3 84 .32 g = 6 .6×10 -3 mol K -1 Moles of MgCO 3 = 6 .6×10 -3 mol K -1 To calculate the molarity of MgCO 3 M= Π RT = 8 b) Interpretation Introduction Interpretation: The total volume of water has to be calculated and to predict if the same system would work for purifying seawater Concept Introduction: Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution. The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation, Π=MRT Here,Π=Osmotic pressure M=Molarity of solution R= Gas law constant T=Temperature

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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

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Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other

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ISBN: 9781305079243

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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other

Publisher: Cengage Learning

ISBN: 9781305079243

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Answer 5

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The total volume of water has to be calculated and to predict if the same system would work for purifying seawater

Concept Introduction:

Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution.

The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation,

Π=MRT

Here,Π=Osmotic pressure M=Molarity of solution R= Gas law constant T=Temperature

Explanation of Solution

Record the given info

Temperature = 27°C

Volume of Water = 45L

Osmotic pressure = 8.0 atm

Mass of dissolved solids = 560 μg

To calculate the moles of Magnesium chloride

Molar mass of Magnesium chloride = 84.32 g

Assume MgCO3(s) does not dissociate, the concentration of solute in water,

Moles of MgCO3 = 560μgmL=560 mgL=560×10-3 gL×1 mol MgCO384.32 g

= 6.6×10-3 mol K-1

Moles of MgCO3 = 6.6×10-3 mol K-1

To calculate the molarity of MgCO3

M=ΠRT=8

Answer 6

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The total volume of water has to be calculated and to predict if the same system would work for purifying seawater

Concept Introduction:

Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution.

The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation,

Π=MRT

Here,Π=Osmotic pressure M=Molarity of solution R= Gas law constant T=Temperature

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