(a)
Interpretation:
The factor by which the alteration in the concentration’s ratio of the enzyme molecules present in the R and T states is done with the help of the binding of single substrate molecule per enzyme molecule is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Enzymes being the catalysts increase the
(b)
Interpretation:
The ratio of the molecules of enzyme which are present in the R state with the enzyme molecules present in the T state containing the saturating amounts of the substrate is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme, as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex. The enzyme which is able to do the conformational changes if an effector gets attached to it is known as allosteric enzyme.
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BIOCHEMISTRY 2 TERM ACCESS
- In full details. Define 'activation energy' of an enzyme catalysed single substrate reaction and mention the effects of an enzyme on this energy.arrow_forward6-25 substrate-band enzyme concentrations. The the turnover number is equal to umax- b) V=Umax •57(Km+S) anstont For an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (as a percentage of Vmax), observed at the following values? a) [S] = KM C) d) e) [S] = 0.5KM [S] = = 0.1KM [S] = 2KM [S] = 10KM w reactores -maximumrate of reaction boteles conc. Would you expect the structure of a competitive inhibitor of a given enzyme to be similar to that of its substrate?arrow_forwardCrohn’s disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have been tested asa means to prevent relapse of Crohn’s disease. Two large,randomized, placebo-controlled studies have shown nosuch benefit from omega-3 fatty acids. Suppose you areasked to design an experiment to further study this claim.Imagine that you have collected data on Crohn’s relapsesin subjects who have used these omega-3 fatty acids and similar subjects who have not used them and that you canmeasure incidences of relapse for these subjects. Statethe null and alternative hypotheses you would use in yourstudy.arrow_forward
- Recall that phosphonacetyl L - aspartate (PALA) is a potent inhibitor of ATCase because it mimics the two physiological substrates. However, in the presence of substrates, low concentrations of this unreactive bisubstrate analog increase the reaction velocity. On the addition of PALA, the reaction rate increases until an average of three molecules of PALA are bound per molecule of enzyme. This maximal velocity is 17-fold greater than it is in the absence of PALA. The reaction rate then decreases to nearly zero on the addition of three more molecules of PALA per molecule of enzyme. Why do low concentrations of PALA activate ATCase?arrow_forwardOH affromah. The Standard free energy CAGO¹) of the reaction shown above can be estimated based on? OH A. High Energy bands B. Reduction potential C. cannot be estimated OH energy. он The reaction shown above requires the cofactor to proceed forward without significant was te of A.ATP B. Nicotinamide C. Flavin D. No cofactor required 3 Determine approximate 46°1 of the coupled reaction KJ/mol possible answers: (0,-8,-15,-22,-30, -38,-45) The class of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is possible answers: Mutase, Isomerase, ki nase, phosphatase, Dehydrogenase, Aidolasearrow_forwarddisease. As such, a frontline treatment for Type 2 diabetes is the drug metformin, which acts indirectly to inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver. You are a research biochemist who would like to develop new drugs that act to directly inhibit gluconeogenesis. You have just gained access to a library of thousands of small molecules of unknown activity, and you would like to identify lead compounds that have specific inhibitory activity against steps in the gluconeogenesis pathway. (a) into PEP in order to screen for inhibitors of enzymes specific to gluconeogenesis. Which enzymes do you need to purify, what cofactors and allosteric effectors do they require, and which reactants do you need to add to reconstitute the reactions for the first bypass? Which intermediates and products are generated? Your first approach is to reconstitute the initial set of bypass reactions that convert pyruvate (b) vitro reconstitution? What additional steps and enzymes are required in liver cells but are…arrow_forward
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- NH2 'N. NH NH NH2 Benzamidine and Leupeptin are competitive trypsin inhibitors. They are shown in their deprotonated forms at high pH. Modify the above drawings to show the protonation and charge at pH 7.0 Draw competitive inhibitors for chymotrypsin based on these structures IZ ZI ZIarrow_forwardChemical labeling of chymotrypsin by the compound tosylphenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) modifies the His 57 in the enzyme's active site. The structure of this derivative is shown below. TPCK inactivates the enzyme because the bulky addition prevents it from cleaving nearby covalent bonds. HCI + CH, C-O Chymotrypsin-His 57 TPCK Modified enzyme True O Falsearrow_forwardHigh potential. What is the equilibrium ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate under standard conditions when [ATP ]/[ ADP ]=10? [ATP]/[ADP] = 10?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning