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CalculusMultivariable Calculus8th Edition

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Chapter 10.5, Problem 65E
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Multivariable Calculus

8th Edition
James Stewart
ISBN: 9781305266643

Solutions

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Problem 1E
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Problem 3E
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Problem 62E
Problem 63E
Problem 64E
Problem 65E
Problem 66E
BuyFindarrow_forward

Multivariable Calculus

8th Edition
James Stewart
ISBN: 9781305266643
Textbook Problem

Let P(x1, y1) be a point on the ellipse x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1 with foci F1 and F2 and let α and β be the angles between the lines PF1, PF2 and the ellipse as shown in the figure. Prove that α = β. This explains how whispering galleries and lithotripsy work. Sound coming from one focus is reflected and passes through the other focus. [Hint: Use the formula in Problem 17 on page 201 to show that tan α = tan β.]

Chapter 10.5, Problem 65E, Let P(x1, y1) be a point on the ellipse x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1 with foci F1 and F2 and let and be the

To determine

To prove: The angles between the lines are equal. That is, α=β

Explanation

Given:

The equation of ellipse is x2a2+y2b2=1 (1)

Calculation:

Differentiate the equation (1) with respect to x

x2a2+y2b2=12xa2+2y.y'b2=12y.y'b2=−2xa2y'=−2xb22a2yy'=−xb2ya2

Therefore, the slope of tangent at point P (x1,y1) is m3=−x1b2y1a2

Calculate the slopes at F1P

Here, F1 is at (−c,0) and P is at (x1,y1)

F1P(m1)=y2−y1x2−x1=0−y1−c−x1=−y1−(c+x1)=y1c+x1

Calculate the slopes at F1P

Here, F1 is at (0,c) and P is at (x1,y1)

F2P(m2)=y2−y1x2−x1=y1−0x1−c=y1x1−c

Consider the ellipse equation.

x12a2+y12b2=1x12b2+y12a2a2b2=1x12b2+y12a2=a2b2

Calculate the angle tanα

tanα=m1−m31+m3m1=y1x1+c−(−x1b2y1a2)1+[(y1x1+c)(−x1b2y1a2)]=y1x1+c+x1b2y1a21−[(y1x1+c)(x1b2y1a2)]

tanα=y1(y1a2)+x1b2(x1+c)(x1+c)y1a21−y1x1b2(x1+c)y1a2=y1(y1a2)+x1b2(x1+c)(x1+c)y1a2(y1a2(x1+c))−y1x1b2(x1+c)y1a2=y1(y1a2)+x1b2(x1+c)(x1+c)y1a2×(x1+c)y1a2(y1a2(x1+c))−y1x1b2

tanα=y1(y1a2)+x1b2(x1+c)(y1a2(x1+c))−y1x1b2=a2y12+b2x12+x1b2cx1y1a2+y1a2c−x1y1b2=a2y12+b2x12+x1b2cx1y1(a2−b2)+y1a2c

Substitute c2 for a2−b2 and a2b2 for x12b2+y12a2 in the above equation

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