Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 5EQ
The technique of dideoxy sequencing of DNA is described in Chapter 21. The technique relies on the use of dideoxyribonucleotides (shown in Figures 21.10 and 21.11). A dideoxyribonucleotide has a hydrogen atom attached to the 3′carbon atom instead of a hydroxyl
group. When a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into a newly made strand, the strand cannot grow any longer. Explain why.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Since the sugars and phosphates are the same on a DNA strand, we represent the strand with the nitrogen bases. If the first strand of DNA is AGCTGCAAT, what would be the nitrogen base sequence of the second strand?
Why is it unfavorable for RNA molecules to adopt a double-helix structure similar to B-DNA?
Because it is entropically unfavorable
Because that would cause a steric clash between the sugars and nucleobases
Because that would cause a steric clash between the 2' OHs of the sugars and the phosphates
Because uracil can't form hydrogen bonds with any other nucleobases
Escherichia coli and other bacteria methylate adenines on the original strand to distinguish the original strand from the newly replicated strand of DNA. Why is this distinction important?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 11.1 - 1. The complementarity of DNA strands is based on...Ch. 11.1 - 2. To make a new DNA strand, which of the...Ch. 11.1 - 3. The model that correctly describes the process...Ch. 11.2 - 1. A site in a chromosome where DNA replication...Ch. 11.2 - The origin of replication in E. coli contains a....Ch. 11.3 - 1. The enzyme known as ______ uses ________ and...Ch. 11.3 - In the lagging strand, DNA is made in the...Ch. 11.4 - 1. DNA polymerase III is a processive enzyme,...Ch. 11.4 - 2. The proofreading function of DNA polymerase...Ch. 11.5 - 1. In eukaryotes, DNA replication is initiated at...
Ch. 11.5 - 2. Which of the following statements regarding DNA...Ch. 11.5 - 3. In eukaryotes, RNA primers are primarily...Ch. 11.5 - 4. To synthesize DNA, what does telomerase use as...Ch. 11 - What key structural features of the DNA molecule...Ch. 11 - 2. With regard to DNA replication, define the term...Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements is not true?...Ch. 11 - The compound known as nitrous acid is a reactive...Ch. 11 - One way that bacterial cells regulate DNA...Ch. 11 - 6. The chromosome of E. coli contains 4.6 million...Ch. 11 - Here are two strands of DNA. DNA polymerase The...Ch. 11 - A DNA strand has the following sequence:...Ch. 11 - 9. List and briefly describe the three types of...Ch. 11 - 10. As shown in Figure 11.5, five DnaA boxes are...Ch. 11 - 11. Obtain two strings of different colors (e.g.,...Ch. 11 - Sometimes DNA polymerase makes a mistake, and the...Ch. 11 - 13. A short genetic sequence, which may be...Ch. 11 - Single-strand binding proteins keep the two...Ch. 11 - 15. In the following drawing, the top strand is...Ch. 11 - Describe the three important functions of DnaA...Ch. 11 - 17. Draw a picture that illustrates how DNA...Ch. 11 - What is an Okazaki fragment? In which strand of...Ch. 11 - Discuss the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 11 - 20. Explain the proofreading function of DNA...Ch. 11 - 21. What is a processive enzyme? Explain why...Ch. 11 - 22. What enzymatic features of DNA polymerase...Ch. 11 - 23. As shown in Figure 11.24, telomerase attaches...Ch. 11 - If a eukaryotic chromosome has 25 origins of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 11 - A diagram of a linear chromosome is shown here....Ch. 11 - As discussed in Chapter 18, some viruses contain...Ch. 11 - 28. Telomeres contain a 3′ overhang region, as...Ch. 11 - 1. Answer the following questions pertaining to...Ch. 11 - An absentminded researcher follows the steps of...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.4b shows an autoradiograph of a...Ch. 11 - 4. As described in Table 11.3, what is the...Ch. 11 - The technique of dideoxy sequencing of DNA is...Ch. 11 - 6. Another technique described in Chapter 21 is...Ch. 11 - The complementarity of its two strands is the...Ch. 11 - Compare and contrast DNA replication in bacteria...Ch. 11 - 3. DNA replication is fast, virtually error-free,...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How many kilobases of the DNA strand below will code for the protein product?arrow_forwardDNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds? What are the consequences of this difference in strength?arrow_forwardChemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample contains A, U, C, and G. Is this DNA or RNA? Why?arrow_forward
- The template strand of a double helical segment of DNA consists of the following sequence: 5’-GTAGCCTTAAGCGATCACCGTCCGTATTACTAGTGGCCAGACTCTTTTCACTCTCATGTATAGTTG-3’ What is the nucleotide order in the complementary DNA strand?arrow_forwardWhat describes or designates the 3' end of a DNA strand? a. an available hydroxyl group on the 5th carbon of a deoxyribose of a terminal nucleotide b. an available phosphate group on the 3rd carbon of a deoxyribose of a terminal nucleotide c. an available hydroxyl group on the 3rd carbon of a deoxyribose of a terminal nucleotide d. an available hydroxyl group on the 2nd carbon of a deoxyribose of a terminal nucleotidearrow_forwardThe compound known as nitrous acid is a reactive chemical that replaces amino groups (−− NH2) with keto groups (== O). When nitrous acid reacts with the bases in DNA, it can change cytosine to uracil and change adenine to hypoxanthine. A DNA double helix has the following sequence: TTGGATGCTGG AACCTACGACC A. What would be the sequence of this double helix immediately after reaction with nitrous acid? Let the letter H represent hypoxanthine and U represent uracil. B. Let’s suppose this DNA was treated with nitrous acid. The nitrous acid was then removed, and the DNA was replicated for two generations. What would be the sequences of the DNA products after the DNA had replicated twice? Your answer should contain the sequences of four double helices. Note: During DNA replication, uracil hydrogen bonds with adenine, and hypoxanthine hydrogen bonds with cytosine.arrow_forward
- All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT a. DNA forms described by Watson and Crick have right handed helix except of Z-DNA form b. In case of Z-DNA form, the deoxyribose phosphate backbone forms a "Zigzag structure" c. Inverted DNA sequence repeat that happens within each individual strand of the DNA, called cruciform d. Plasmid carries genes that convey antibiotic resistance to the host bacteriumarrow_forwardWhich one of these facts would NOT be needed in order to determine the correct base sequence from the image of DNA in the question above? Adenine and guanine are purines with a two-ring chemical structure. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines with a one-ring chemical structure. Adenine pairs only with thymine using two hydrogen-bonds. Cytosine pairs only with guanine using three hydrogen-bonds. All of the facts above are needed.arrow_forwardGive the complimentary DNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Give the RNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Using the provided amino acid table and the RNA strand you created in #2, create the amino acid sequence: Name and explain two different ways in which DNA can be damaged. Once DNA is damaged, can we repair it? If not, what are some possible outcomes from the damaged DNA?arrow_forward
- Is there any situation in which DNA is made based on a RNA template? What is the enzyme involved?arrow_forwardList the DNA bases that will complementary base pair with the following sequence: A-G-C-T-A-C-Garrow_forwardWhich of the following is not included in the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure? The strands run parallel to each other. The resultant helix is right-handed. Strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. The bases are held together in the central region of the molecule by hydrogen bonds. It is composed of two strands.arrow_forward
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