Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 11.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The formation of a resistant host cell without the formation of lysogens.
Introduction:
Lambda phage is a temperate bacteriophage that can undergo both lytic as well as lysogenic cycle. It inserts it genome into the host bacterial cell that circularizes. The phage genome integrates into the host genome to induce lysogeny in the host. Certain environmental signals can cause the excision of phage genome and induction of lytic cycle.
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Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase.How do T4 genes get expressed or converted to mRNA?What host barriers must be broken before release ofvirions from the host cell?
After lambda infects a cell, how does it decide to create a lysogen? Name the major cis and transplayers and their function.
Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4 enters the host cytoplasm?
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the non-lysogenic recipient, but not with the infection by a lysogenic recipient.arrow_forwardDoes a phage "plaque" grow to a specific size? Why does it not clear the whole plate?arrow_forwardOne of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forward
- Consider the phase variation of flagella in Salmonella. Describe the phenotype of a cell in which hin is deleted. Will it be motile? Will it undergo phase variation? Which flagellin(s) will be used, if any? Name two bacterial defenses against bacteriophages and explain how they work How might a phage evolve resistance to the CRISPR host defense?arrow_forwardWhy are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes?arrow_forwardWhy is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of phage λ.arrow_forwardwhen various strains of lambda phage are seeded on a lawn of e.coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques. Explain the difference between the two types of plaques. can all bacteriophage form clear and turbid plaques?arrow_forwardHow does lambda excise and replicate during the lytic cycle? Explain the factors that determinelysis vs. lysogeny.arrow_forward
- In a mixed infection assay between h+r+ and hr phage, where h and r are two genes that govern plaque morphology, which of the following do you expect to observe? only h+r+ and hr only h+r and hr+ only h+r+ only hr All four types: h+r+, hr, h+r, hr+arrow_forwardSome mutations that occur in bacteria can cause the loss of phage receptors, and these bacteria become phage resistant. In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly synthesized.why ?arrow_forwardWhat is required to package the T4 genome into its phage head?arrow_forward
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