Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 109P
Air in a room at
FIGURE P12-109
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Air in a room at T0= 290 K and P0= 95 kPa isdrawn steadily by a vacuum pump through a 1-cm-diameter,50-cm-long adiabatic tube equipped with a converging nozzleat the inlet. The flow in the nozzle section can be assumed tobe isentropic, and the average friction factor for the duct canbe taken to be 0.018. Determine the maximum mass flow rate of air that can be sucked through this tube and the Machnumber at the tube inlet.
The compressed air requirements of a textile factory are met by a large compressor that draws in 0.6 m3/s air at atmospheric conditions of 20°C and 1 bar (100 kPa) and consumes 300 kW electric power when operating. Air is compressed to a gage pressure of 8 bar (absolute pressure of 900 kPa), and compressed air is transported to the production area through a 15-cm-internal-diameter, 83-m-long, galvanized steel pipe with a surface roughness of 0.15 mm. The average temperature of compressed air in the pipe is 60°C. The compressed air line has 8 elbows with a loss coefficient of 0.6 each. If the compressor efficiency is 85 percent, determine the pressure drop and the power wasted in the transportation line.
Combustion gases with an average specific heat ratio of k=1.33 and a gas constant of R=0.280 kJ/kgK enter a 10-cm-diameter adiabatic duct with inlet conditions of Ma1=2,62 T1=562 K, and P1 =186,2 kPa. If a normal shock occurs at a location 2062 mm from the inlet, determine the velocity, temperature, and pressure at the duct exit. Take the average friction factor of the duct to be 0.01062. Calculate the static stagnation pressure, temperature and density values of the flow at the duct outlet.
Solve the problem by making the necessary assumptions and drawing the schematic figure.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 12 - What is dynamic temperature?Ch. 12 - Calculate the stagnation temperature and pressure...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8EPCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Products of combustion enter a gas turbine with a...Ch. 12 - Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 72EPCh. 12 - Prob. 73P
Ch. 12 - Prob. 74PCh. 12 - Prob. 75PCh. 12 - For an ideal gas flowing through a normal shock,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 77CPCh. 12 - On a T-s diagram of Raleigh flow, what do the...Ch. 12 - What is the effect of heat gain and heat toss on...Ch. 12 - Prob. 80CPCh. 12 - Prob. 81CPCh. 12 - Prob. 82CPCh. 12 - Argon gas enters a constant cross-sectional area...Ch. 12 - Prob. 84EPCh. 12 - Prob. 85PCh. 12 - Prob. 86PCh. 12 - Prob. 87EPCh. 12 - Prob. 88PCh. 12 - Prob. 89PCh. 12 - Prob. 90PCh. 12 - Prob. 91PCh. 12 - Prob. 93CPCh. 12 - Prob. 94CPCh. 12 - Prob. 95CPCh. 12 - Prob. 96CPCh. 12 - Prob. 97CPCh. 12 - Prob. 98CPCh. 12 - Prob. 99CPCh. 12 - Prob. 100CPCh. 12 - Prob. 101PCh. 12 - Air enters a 5-cm-diameter, 4-m-long adiabatic...Ch. 12 - Helium gas with k=1.667 enters a 6-in-diameter...Ch. 12 - Air enters a 12-cm-diameter adiabatic duct at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 105PCh. 12 - Air flows through a 6-in-diameter, 50-ft-long...Ch. 12 - Air in a room at T0=300k and P0=100kPa is drawn...Ch. 12 - Prob. 110PCh. 12 - Prob. 112PCh. 12 - Prob. 113PCh. 12 - Prob. 114PCh. 12 - Prob. 115PCh. 12 - Prob. 116EPCh. 12 - A subsonic airplane is flying at a 5000-m altitude...Ch. 12 - Prob. 118PCh. 12 - Prob. 119PCh. 12 - Prob. 120PCh. 12 - Prob. 121PCh. 12 - Prob. 122PCh. 12 - Prob. 123PCh. 12 - An aircraft flies with a Mach number Ma1=0.9 at an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 125PCh. 12 - Helium expands in a nozzle from 220 psia, 740 R,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 127PCh. 12 - Prob. 128PCh. 12 - Prob. 129PCh. 12 - Prob. 130PCh. 12 - Prob. 131PCh. 12 - Prob. 132PCh. 12 - Prob. 133PCh. 12 - Prob. 134PCh. 12 - Prob. 135PCh. 12 - Prob. 136PCh. 12 - Prob. 137PCh. 12 - Prob. 138PCh. 12 - Air is cooled as it flows through a 30-cm-diameter...Ch. 12 - Prob. 140PCh. 12 - Prob. 141PCh. 12 - Prob. 142PCh. 12 - Prob. 145PCh. 12 - Prob. 148PCh. 12 - Prob. 149PCh. 12 - Prob. 150PCh. 12 - Prob. 151PCh. 12 - Prob. 153PCh. 12 - Prob. 154PCh. 12 - Prob. 155PCh. 12 - Prob. 156PCh. 12 - Prob. 157PCh. 12 - Prob. 158PCh. 12 - Prob. 159PCh. 12 - Prob. 160PCh. 12 - Prob. 161PCh. 12 - Prob. 162PCh. 12 - Assuming you have a thermometer and a device to...
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- Air flows through a 6-in-diameter, 50-ft-long adiabatic duct with inlet conditions of V1 = 500 ft/s, T01 = 650 R, and P1 = 50 psia. For an average friction factor of 0.02, determine the velocity, temperature, and pressure at the exitarrow_forwardRefrigerant R-134a at 500 kPa and 120 digits enters an adiabatic nozzle steadilywith a velocity of 15 cm/s and leaves at 200 kPa and 20 °C. Determine:a) The exit velocityb) The inlet to exit area ratioc) The inlet exit density ratioarrow_forwardSteam expands isentropically in a converging/diverging nozzle from inlet conditionsof 1400 kPa, 325°C, and negligible velocity to a discharge pressure of 140 kPa. At thethroat, the cross-sectional area is 6 cm2. Determine the mass flow rate of the steamand the state of the steam at the exit of the nozzle.arrow_forward
- Air at 105 kPa and 25°C flows from a 7.5-cm circular duct into a 22.5-cm circular duct. The downstream pressure is 6.5 mm of water higher than the upstream pressure. a. Determine the average air velocity approaching the expansion (in m/s).b. Determine the volumetric flow rate (in m3/s).c. Determine the mass flow rate (in kg/s).arrow_forwardThe enthalpy drop of steam across a nozzle is found to be 165 kJ/kg. The increase in velocityarrow_forwardShow that the point of maximum entropy on the Fanno line for the adiabatic steady flow of a fluid in a duct corresponds to the sonic velocity, Ma = 1.arrow_forward
- Refrigerant R-134a at 500 kPa and 171 enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily with a velocity of 15 cm/s and leaves at 200 kPa and 20 ⁰C. Determine:a) The exit velocityb) The inlet to exit area ratioc) The inlet exit density ratioarrow_forwardAnswer the questionsWhat is the mathematical model of enthalpy?What is the mathematical model to calculate the flow work?arrow_forwardAir enters a compressor with a stagnation pressure of 100 kPa and a stagnation temperature of 35°C, and it is compressed to a stagnation pressure of 900 kPa. Assuming the compression process to be isentropic, determine the power input to the compressor for a mass flow rate of 0.04 kg/sarrow_forward
- A vapor enters a group of convergent-divergent nozzles at 3MPa and 300 oC and expands to 0.5 MPa. If the exit velocity and the steamcirculation rate are 800 m/s and 14 kg/s respectively, determine:a- The nozzle efficiency.b- The total cross-sectional area of the nozzles.c-The velocity at the throatarrow_forwardDefine mass and volume flow rates. How are they related to each other?arrow_forwardThe compressed air requirements of a textile factory are met by a large compressor that draws in 0.6 m3/s air at atmospheric conditions of 20°C and 1 bar (100 kPa) and consumes 300 kW electric power when operating. Air is compressed to a gage pressure of 8 bar (absolute pressure of 900 kPa), and compressed air is transported to the production area through a 15-cm-internal-diameter, 83-m-long, plastic (smooth) pipes with a surface roughness of 0.15 mm. The average temperature of compressed air in the pipe is 60°C. The compressed air line has 8 elbows with a loss coefficient of 0.6 each. In order to reduce the head losses in the piping and thus the power wasted, someone suggests doubling the diameter of the 83-m-long compressed air pipes. Calculating the reduction in wasted power, and determine if this is a worthwhile idea. Considering the cost of replacement, does this proposal make sense to you?arrow_forward
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