Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 160P
To determine
The velocity of air at the throat of the nozzle.
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Consider supersonic flow of air through a 7-cm-diameter duct with negligible friction. Air enters the duct at Ma1 = 1.8, P01 = 140 kPa, and T01 = 600 K, and it is decelerated by heating. Determine the highest temperature that air can be heated by heat addition while the mass flow rate remains constant.
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Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic velocity in a converging nozzle? Explain
Chapter 12 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 12 - What is dynamic temperature?Ch. 12 - Calculate the stagnation temperature and pressure...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8EPCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Products of combustion enter a gas turbine with a...Ch. 12 - Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 72EPCh. 12 - Prob. 73P
Ch. 12 - Prob. 74PCh. 12 - Prob. 75PCh. 12 - For an ideal gas flowing through a normal shock,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 77CPCh. 12 - On a T-s diagram of Raleigh flow, what do the...Ch. 12 - What is the effect of heat gain and heat toss on...Ch. 12 - Prob. 80CPCh. 12 - Prob. 81CPCh. 12 - Prob. 82CPCh. 12 - Argon gas enters a constant cross-sectional area...Ch. 12 - Prob. 84EPCh. 12 - Prob. 85PCh. 12 - Prob. 86PCh. 12 - Prob. 87EPCh. 12 - Prob. 88PCh. 12 - Prob. 89PCh. 12 - Prob. 90PCh. 12 - Prob. 91PCh. 12 - Prob. 93CPCh. 12 - Prob. 94CPCh. 12 - Prob. 95CPCh. 12 - Prob. 96CPCh. 12 - Prob. 97CPCh. 12 - Prob. 98CPCh. 12 - Prob. 99CPCh. 12 - Prob. 100CPCh. 12 - Prob. 101PCh. 12 - Air enters a 5-cm-diameter, 4-m-long adiabatic...Ch. 12 - Helium gas with k=1.667 enters a 6-in-diameter...Ch. 12 - Air enters a 12-cm-diameter adiabatic duct at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 105PCh. 12 - Air flows through a 6-in-diameter, 50-ft-long...Ch. 12 - Air in a room at T0=300k and P0=100kPa is drawn...Ch. 12 - Prob. 110PCh. 12 - Prob. 112PCh. 12 - Prob. 113PCh. 12 - Prob. 114PCh. 12 - Prob. 115PCh. 12 - Prob. 116EPCh. 12 - A subsonic airplane is flying at a 5000-m altitude...Ch. 12 - Prob. 118PCh. 12 - Prob. 119PCh. 12 - Prob. 120PCh. 12 - Prob. 121PCh. 12 - Prob. 122PCh. 12 - Prob. 123PCh. 12 - An aircraft flies with a Mach number Ma1=0.9 at an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 125PCh. 12 - Helium expands in a nozzle from 220 psia, 740 R,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 127PCh. 12 - Prob. 128PCh. 12 - Prob. 129PCh. 12 - Prob. 130PCh. 12 - Prob. 131PCh. 12 - Prob. 132PCh. 12 - Prob. 133PCh. 12 - Prob. 134PCh. 12 - Prob. 135PCh. 12 - Prob. 136PCh. 12 - Prob. 137PCh. 12 - Prob. 138PCh. 12 - Air is cooled as it flows through a 30-cm-diameter...Ch. 12 - Prob. 140PCh. 12 - Prob. 141PCh. 12 - Prob. 142PCh. 12 - Prob. 145PCh. 12 - Prob. 148PCh. 12 - Prob. 149PCh. 12 - Prob. 150PCh. 12 - Prob. 151PCh. 12 - Prob. 153PCh. 12 - Prob. 154PCh. 12 - Prob. 155PCh. 12 - Prob. 156PCh. 12 - Prob. 157PCh. 12 - Prob. 158PCh. 12 - Prob. 159PCh. 12 - Prob. 160PCh. 12 - Prob. 161PCh. 12 - Prob. 162PCh. 12 - Assuming you have a thermometer and a device to...
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- Consider supersonic Fanno flow that is decelerated to sonic velocity (Ma = 1) at the duct exit as a result of frictional effects. If the duct length is increased further, will the flow at the duct exit be supersonic, subsonic, or remain sonic? Will the mass flow rate of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant as a result of increasing the duct length?arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of heat gain and heat loss on the entropy of the fluid during Rayleigh flow?arrow_forwardA gas initially at a supersonic velocity enters an adiabatic diverging duct. Discuss how this affects (a) the velocity, (b) the temperature, (c) the pressure, and (d ) the density of the fluid.arrow_forward
- Starting with the differential form of the energy equation, show that the flow velocity increases with heat addition in subsonic Rayleigh flow, but decreases in supersonic Rayleigh flow.arrow_forwardConsider subsonic Fanno flow of air with an inlet Mach number of 0.70. If the Mach number increases to 0.90 at the duct exit as a result of friction, will the (a) stagnation temperature T0, (b) stagnation pressure P0, and (c) entropy s of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant during this process?arrow_forwardAir is approaching a converging–diverging nozzle with a low velocity at 20°C and 300 kPa, and it leaves the nozzle at a supersonic velocity. The velocity of air at the throat of the nozzle isarrow_forward
- Air enters a 5.5-cm-diameter adiabatic duct with inlet conditions of Ma1 = 2.2, T1 = 250 K, and P1 = 60 kPa, and exits at a Mach number of Ma2 = 1.8. Taking the average friction factor to be 0.03, determine the velocity, temperature, and pressure at the exit.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of heating the fluid on the flow velocity in subsonic Rayleigh flow? Answer the same questions for supersonic Rayleigh flow.arrow_forwardConsider subsonic Fanno flow accelerated to sonic velocity (Ma = 1) at the duct exit as a result of frictional effects. If the duct length is increased further, will the flow at the duct exit be supersonic, subsonic, or remain sonic? Will the mass flow rate of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant as a result of increasing the duct length?arrow_forward
- Air enters a compressor with a stagnation pressure of 100 kPa and a stagnation temperature of 35°C, and it is compressed to a stagnation pressure of 900 kPa. Assuming the compression process to be isentropic, determine the power input to the compressor for a mass flow rate of 0.04 kg/sarrow_forwardAir enters a 12-cm-diameter adiabatic duct at Ma1 = 0.4, T1 = 550 K, and P1 = 200 kPa. The average friction factor for the duct is estimated to be 0.021. If the Mach number at the duct exit is 0.8, determine the duct length, temperature, pressure, and velocity at the duct exit.arrow_forwardA gas initially at a subsonic velocity enters an adiabatic diverging duct. Discuss how this affects (a) the velocity, (b) the temperature, (c) the pressure, and (d ) the density of the fluid.arrow_forward
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