Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 97CP
To determine
Effect on type of flow and the mass flow rate of the fluid at the exit when the duct length is increased.
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Consider subsonic Fanno flow accelerated to sonic velocity (Ma = 1) at the duct exit as a result of frictional effects. If the duct length is increased further, will the flow at the duct exit be supersonic, subsonic, or remain sonic? Will the mass flow rate of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant as a result of increasing the duct length?
Is it possible to accelerate a fluid to supersonic velocities with a velocity other than the sonic velocity at the throat? Explain
Consider supersonic flow of air through a 7-cm-diameter duct with negligible friction. Air enters the duct at Ma1 = 1.8, P01 = 140 kPa, and T01 = 600 K, and it is decelerated by heating. Determine the highest temperature that air can be heated by heat addition while the mass flow rate remains constant.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 12 - What is dynamic temperature?Ch. 12 - Calculate the stagnation temperature and pressure...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8EPCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Products of combustion enter a gas turbine with a...Ch. 12 - Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 72EPCh. 12 - Prob. 73P
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- Consider subsonic Rayleigh flow that is accelerated to sonic velocity (Ma = 1) at the duct exit by heating. If the fluid continues to be heated, will the flow at duct exit be supersonic, subsonic, or remain sonic?arrow_forwardConsider subsonic Fanno flow of air with an inlet Mach number of 0.70. If the Mach number increases to 0.90 at the duct exit as a result of friction, will the (a) stagnation temperature T0, (b) stagnation pressure P0, and (c) entropy s of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant during this process?arrow_forwardStarting with the differential form of the energy equation, show that the flow velocity increases with heat addition in subsonic Rayleigh flow, but decreases in supersonic Rayleigh flow.arrow_forward
- A gas initially at a supersonic velocity enters an adiabatic diverging duct. Discuss how this affects (a) the velocity, (b) the temperature, (c) the pressure, and (d ) the density of the fluid.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of friction on the entropy of the fluid during Fanno flow?arrow_forwardHelium is heated as it flows subsonically through a 10 cm × 10 cm square duct. The properties of helium at the inlet are maintained at Ma1 = 0.6, P1 = 350 kPa, and T1 = 420 K at all times. Disregarding frictional losses, determine the highest rate of heat transfer to the air in the duct without affecting the inlet conditions.arrow_forward
- Air is heated as it flows subsonically through a duct. When the amount of heat transfer reaches 67 kJ/kg, the flow is observed to be choked, and the velocity and the static pressure are measured to be 680 m/s and 270 kPa. Disregarding frictional losses, determine the velocity, static temperature, and static pressure at the duct inlet.arrow_forwardA gas initially at a subsonic velocity enters an adiabatic diverging duct. Discuss how this affects (a) the velocity, (b) the temperature, (c) the pressure, and (d ) the density of the fluid.arrow_forwardIs it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic velocity in a converging nozzle? Explainarrow_forward
- Air is cooled as it flows through a 30-cm-diameter duct. The inlet conditions are Ma1 = 1.2, T01 = 350 K, and P01 = 240 kPa and the exit Mach number is Ma2 = 2.0. Disregarding frictional effects, determine the rate of cooling of air.arrow_forwardConsider a converging nozzle, with exit air velocity of Ma=1. What could you do to accelerate the air further?arrow_forwardConsider subsonic flow in a converging nozzle with fixed inlet conditions. What is the effect of dropping the back pressure to the critical pressure on (a) the exit velocity, (b) the exit pressure, and (c) the mass flow rate through the nozzle?arrow_forward
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