Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 11PIAT
The bark of the Pacific yew tree (Taxusbrevifolia) was the original source of one of the most effective drugs for treating tumors of the breast, lung, and other sites. Taxol, a chemical extracted from this bark, kills actively replicating cells by inhibiting the depolymerization of microtubules. Why are microtubules good targets for killing cancerous cells?
During what phases in the cell cycle would you expect there to be large changes in the
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Suppose cells in an experiment had been labeled with green fluorescent tubulin.
At the onset of Anaphase B, you use your laser to bleach a stripe across all of the
microtubules on one side of the spindle as shown by the dashed line. This does
not hurt the function of the microtubules in any way, but the bleached,
nonfluorescent subunits in the microtubules now serve to mark a fixed location
relative to the (+) and (-) ends.
pl. membr.
spindle
A. Label one of each of the following: kinetochore MT, astral MT, polar MT.
Indicate (+) and (-) ends.
B. As the cell progresses through anaphase B, do the bleached spots get closer to,
further from, or stay the same distance from the spindle pole they are embedded
in? Why? Do they get closer to, further from, or stay the same distance from the
plasma membrane? Why?
By what molecular pathway does loss of cell cycle regulation in an organism lead to cancer? What genetic changes can cooperate to accomplish the cancer cell’s escape from the normal balance of cell growth?
Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop.
a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in?
Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase?
The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis?
As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 12 - 1. Which statement about the daughter cells...Ch. 12 - After S phase, what comprises a single chromosome?...Ch. 12 - Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by...Ch. 12 - 4. What major events occur during anaphase of...Ch. 12 - 5. Identify at least two events in the cell cycle...Ch. 12 - 6. What evidence suggests that during anaphase,...Ch. 12 - 7. Evaluate each of the following defects. Which...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- There are many compounds that have been advertised to reduce or delay aging. Resveratrol is a compound isolated from red grapes, and can be found in red wine. This compound is thought to have substantial effects in mammals, such as preventing the growth of tumors and reducing age-related diseases. Many studies have shown that resveratrol and its derivatives cause a cell-cycle arrest in S phase and induce apoptosis. A series of cultured cells have been analyzed for DNA content in the presence and absence of these compounds using a flow cytometer. Using the controls cells (dashed line), which of the following histograms better represents the DNA content of cells treated with the compounds? The X-axis shows relative DNA content.arrow_forwardHow did you know that Paclitaxel was inhibiting cell division? What method of observation was used and how did you interpret the images to come to your conclusion that Paclitaxel was inhibiting cell division?arrow_forwardIn a dividing cell, the duplicated sets of chromosomes move along microtubules to opposite ends of the cell. How would you use an inhibitor to show that microtubules are essential for chromosome separation? What control treatment(s) would you use? What kind of cell junctions would you expect to find, and why, in a small animal where a chemical signal passes rapidly through cells to go from the head to the tail?arrow_forward
- Imagine that there are mutations in the CDK genes such that their gene products are nonfunctional. What effect would this mutation have on an immature unspecialized blood cell precursor found in the bone marrow? The cell would not be able to reproduce itself. The cell would complete the cell cycle using cyclins in the absence of CDKS. The cell would be able to replicate its DNA but not translate DNA into RNA. The cell would be able to enter mitosis but not complete it. The cell would still phosphorylate the CDK-associated target proteins, and would do so more quickly.arrow_forwardDraw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the phases. On your diagram: a) For each phase, indicate whether the chromosomes are condensed or not. b) Indicate the phase(s) when it is possible to do a karyotype c) Indicate the phase-transition(s) where the cell would arrest if you add hydroxyurea.arrow_forwardPart A and B A. What below would be likely to lead to cancer development? A) Overexpression of a cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor B) Loss of expression of a growth factor that promotes cell cycle entry C) Overexpression of a receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cell cycle entry D) Overexpression of a DNA damage repair enzyme E) Loss of expression of a regulatory transcription factor that activates transcription of a cyclin B. Taxols inhibit the proper function of microtubules and are frequently used as chemotherapy drugs. What is the function of microtubules during the cell cycle? A) They promote the G1 to S checkpoint B) They normally inhibit M phase from being completed C) They form the mitotic spindle E) They mediate DNA replication F) They form the cleavage furrow during cytokinesisarrow_forward
- 4) Describe in detail how p53 and MDM2 regulate cell division in a normal, healthy cell. You should describe 1) how these proteins cooperate to allow a cell to go through the cell cycle, 2) how they cooperate to stop the cell cycle, and 3) how they allow the cell cycle to continue again after having stopped it initially. You may use point form if you want.arrow_forwardWhat are CDKs? How do they contribute to cell division? Explain.arrow_forwardAssume that you are growing mammalian cells in culture. You are able to synchronize the culture, meaning all of the cells undergo each stage of the cell cycle at the same time. The graph shows the amount of DNA in the nuclei of cells during cycle 1 and cycle 2 of cell growth II III IV First cycle Second cycle At which stage(s) would you NOT find condensed chromosomes? Select all that apply Amount of DNA in nucleusarrow_forward
- 3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forwardThe interphase is the part of the eukaryotic cell cycle that is most transcriptionally active. Gene regulation during this phase involves changes in the chromatin. a) What is chromatin? b) How can the chromatin structure change?arrow_forwardYou are studying the M-cyclin. You treat mitotic cells with an inhibitor of the proteasome and find that M-cyclin is no longer degraded and that this prolongs mitosis. You also find that in the presence of the inhibitor, M-cyclin is now running slower/larger in a Western than you have previously observed. In 1-2 sentences, explain why this might be happening. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph B IU Αν S A C I AT²✓ #tv A MacBook Air X : Garrow_forward
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