GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260571561
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 2P
Many proteins other than histones are found associated with chromosomes. What roles do these nonhistone proteins play? Why do chromosomes have more different types of nonhistone than histone proteins?
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In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is tightly packed in the form of chromatin. His-
tones are positively charged proteins. Negatively charged DNA wraps tightly
around these proteins to form nucleosomes. Additionally, there are other
mechanisms for the compaction of chromatin.
(a) Which histone(s) are critical for higher-order chromatin structure?
(b) What are the non-histone proteins responsible for structural
maintenance of chromosomes?
(c) To initiate transcription, compact DNA must partially unwind. Explain
the role of histones in this process.
(d) Micrococcal nuclease can cleaves DNA at sites where it can access DNA
without any specificity of binding to a particular sequence. If chromatin is
digested with this nuclease, even for longer periods, a uniform length of
146 bp DNA fragments will be formed. Explain.
You have discovered a new species of plant. You isolate chromatin from the plant and examines it with
the electron microscope and see characteristic beads on a string structure. After addition of a small
amount of nuclease, which cleaves the string into individual beads that each contain 280 bp of DNA.
With more digestion a 120-bp fragment of DNA remains attached to a core of histone protein. Analysis
of the histone core reveals histones in the following proportions:
H2A 33.3%
H2B 33.3%
H3 0% [no histone H3 found]
H4 33.3%
Based on these observations, what conclusions can you make about the probable structure of
the nucleosome in the chromatin of this plant?
Be specific in describing the nature of the nucleosome: which histones form the core (),
how many of each are present () and size in bp of core-DNA that envelopes it ().
How many copies of each type of core histone would it take to wrap the entire human genome into nucleosomes? How has evolution solved the problem of producing such a large number of proteins in a relatively short period of time?
Chapter 12 Solutions
GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
Ch. 12 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 12 - Many proteins other than histones are found...Ch. 12 - What difference exists between the compaction of...Ch. 12 - What is the role of the core histones in...Ch. 12 - a. About how many molecules of histone H2A would...Ch. 12 - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease can cleave...Ch. 12 - a. What letters are used to represent the short...Ch. 12 - About 2000 G bands are visible in a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you performed a fluorescence in situ...Ch. 12 - Which of the following would be suggested by a...
Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of chromatin...Ch. 12 - a. Drosophila b. Humans Give examples of...Ch. 12 - One histone modification that is seen consistently...Ch. 12 - Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that...Ch. 12 - Drosophila geneticists have isolated many...Ch. 12 - On the following figures, genes A and B are on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - The first page of this chapter displays photos of...Ch. 12 - The human genome contains about 3 billion base...Ch. 12 - The mitotic cell divisions in the early embryo of...Ch. 12 - In an experiment published in the journal Cell in...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeres...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - a. In a fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH...Ch. 12 - If you are comparing the two telomeres in each...Ch. 12 - a. What DNA sequences are commonly found at human...Ch. 12 - On the graphs presented in Problem 21, no data is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29PCh. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - In the 1920s, Barbara McClintock, later a Nobel...Ch. 12 - Give at least one example of a chromosomal...Ch. 12 - Cornelia de Lange syndrome CdLS is a rare human...Ch. 12 - a. Give at least three examples of types of...Ch. 12 - A number of yeast-derived elements were added to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - The completely synthetic yeast chromosome Syn III...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe the packaging of chromosomal DNA by histones with diagrammatic representations. Name the various histone modifications and describe any two among them.arrow_forwardHow does histone acetylation change chromatin structure? Group of answer choices 1. Histones lose their positive charge so the negatively charged DNA is more tightly packed 2. Histones lose their positive charge so the negatively charged DNA is less tightly packed 3. Histones lose their negative charge so the positively charged DNA is more tightly packed 4. Histones lose their negative charge so the positively charged DNA is less tightly packedarrow_forwardContrast histone and nonhistone proteins in terms ofstructure and function.arrow_forward
- Histone _______ is not part of the histone octamer, but binds to linker DNA and is responsible for higher-order chromatin structureA-H1B-H2AC-H4D-H3E-H2Barrow_forwardWhat are the basic functions of histones?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning eukaryotic chromatin is true. Histones have an overall negative charge. Euchromatin is more condensed then heterochromatin. After replication nucleosomes are made up of a mixture of old and new histone proteins. Euchromatin is associated with the centromere and telomere regions. Heterochromatin are regions of active transcription.arrow_forward
- What are the substances that constitute the chromatin? What is the difference between chromatin and chromosome?arrow_forwardDescribe the appearance and composition of chromatin and the structure of nucleosomes. Comment on the significance of histone proteins.arrow_forwardDefine histone variant, and explain why histone variants are functionally important.arrow_forward
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