Interpretation:
The hardness of the given sample of water in ppm is to be calculated, and the water is to be classified.
Concept Introduction:
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures made up of two components, the solute and the solvent.
The same solutes and solvents can form a number of combinations by varying their amounts. These combinations can be differentiated in terms of concentration of solutions. Concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute present in the given amount of solvent.
Hard water is a solution of calcium and magnesium salts in water. The presence of calcium and magnesium ions makes water hard and renders it unusable for various purposes, such as cleaning clothes and utensils, bathing and in water heaters etc.
Hardness is usually expressed in terms of the presence of
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
- Samples of each of the substances listed below are dissolved in 125 g of water. Which of the solutions has the highest boiling point? (a) 3.0 g sucrose, C12H22O11 (b) 1.0 g glycerol, C3H3(OH)3 (c) 1.0 g propylene glycol, C3H6(OH)2 (d) 2.0 g glucose, C6H12(OH)2arrow_forwardStarch contains CC, CH, CO, and OH bonds. Hydrocarbons have only CC and CH bonds. Both starch and hydrocarbons can form colloidal dispersions in water. Which dispersion is classified as hydrophobic? Which is hydrophilic? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardHow much N2 can dissolve in water at 25 C if the N2 partial pressure is 585 mm Hg?arrow_forward
- 6-103 A swimming pool containing 20,000. L of water is chlorinated to have a final CI2 concentration of 0.00500 M. What is the CI2 concentration in ppm? How many kilograms of CI2 were added to the swimming pool to reach this concentration?arrow_forward6-54 An industrial wastewater contains 3.60 ppb cadmium Cd2+. How many mg of Cd2+ could be recovered from a ton (1016 kg) of this wastewater?arrow_forwardPredict the relative solubility of each compound in the two solvents, on the basis of intermolecular attractions. (a) Is Br2 more soluble in water or in carbon tetrachloride? (b) Is CaCl2 more soluble in water or in benzene (C6H6)? (c) Is chloroform (CHCl3) more soluble in water or in diethyl ether [(C2H5)2O]? (d) Is ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) more soluble in water or in benzene (C6H6)?arrow_forward
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid contains 1.00 mol HCl dissolved in 3.31 mol H2O. What is the mole fraction of HCl in concentrated hydrochloric acid? What is the molal concentration of HCl?arrow_forwardThe dispersed phase of a certain colloidal dispersion consists of spheres of diameter 1.0 102 nm. (a) What are the volume (V=43r2) and surface area (A = r2) of each sphere? (b) How many spheres are required to give a total volume of 1.0 cm3? What is the total surface area of these spheres in square meters?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning