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A stage extraction process is depicted in Fig. P12.9. In such systems, a stream containing a weight fraction
At each stage, an equilibrium is assumed to be established between
FIGURE P12.9
A stage extraction process.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS
- The data provided by a water bottling company for the year 2020 to carry out Break Even Analysis and provide them the results, is as follows. The fixed cost of the year is 9000.0 R.O The estimated sales are 2200000 units The cost of water treatment / unit 12 baize The cost of bottling / unit 08 baize The cost of labelling / unit 08 baize The cost packing / unit 10 baize The cost of labour and maintenance / unit 20 baize The cost of 1 liter bottle (plastic bottle) 12 baize Each unit is sold at price 95 baize Construct the B.E.P chart on a graph sheet and indicate M.o.S, B.E.P and also indicate the new B.E.P, & M.o.S after the improvement measures has been taken and show all mathematical calculations. 1. Determine the B.E.P 2. Determine the profit 3. Margin of safety. 4. Write your decisions to improve the profits of the company and to reduce the B.E.Parrow_forward4. A nuclear power facility produces a vast amount of heat, which is usually discharged into aquatic systems. This heat raises the temperature of the aquatic system, resulting in a greater concentration of chlorophyll a, which in turn extends the growing season. To study this effect, water samples were collected monthly at 3 stations for a period of 12 months. Štation Á is located closest to a potential heated water discharge, station Č is located farthest away from the discharge, and station B is located halfway between stations A and C. The following concentrations of chlorophyll a were recorded. Station Month January February March A B C 9.867 3.723 8.416 4.410 14.035 11.100 10.700 20.723 4.470 April Мay June July August September October November December 13.853 9.168 8.010 7.067 4.778 34.080 11.670 9.145 8.990 7.357 8.463 3.350 3.358 4.086 4.500 4.210 4.233 6.830 3.630 2.320 5.800 2.953 3.843 3.480 2.640 3.610 3.020 Perform an analysis of variance and test the hypothesis, at the…arrow_forwardQ\. The first law of thermodynamics involves three main components, if we know the behavior of two components, estimate the behavior of the third component. ( Conclusion ) : a. If heat is added to the system, then the internal energy of the system increases. ..... .. b. If heat leaves the system, then the internal energy of the system decreases .... c. If the work is done by the system, then the internal energy of the system decreases ... ....... d. If the work is done on the system, then the internal energy of the system increases.. .......arrow_forward
- A B 15% M M1 M2 5% 40% D 20% E G 20% H 40% M3 I 10% 60% F J 90% M4 K 15% Knowing that: * flow L denotes an OK (sellable) output; flows C, E, I, and K denote NOK (scraped) lots. * the selling price of OK (sellable) output = 10 ($/lot). * the cost of NOK (scraped) lot = 1 ($/lot). * the input rates - for A and B - are 5 lot/hr and 15 lot/hr (respectively). L 85% For the previous manufacturing system, assume now that the service rate - for each Mi - is the following: M1 = µ14 lot/hr M2 => µ2= 6 lot/hr M3 => µ3 = 8 lot/hr M4 => µ4= 5 lot/hr calculate the value of incoming flows A and B so no Mi exceeds a Utilization (U) of 100%.arrow_forward3. Laws on Conservation. Using the energy model sketched below plus concepts of energy conservation, consider the impact of a dirty war on the global energy. To start, assume that the impact of this war has created an atmosphere that absorbs 75% of the incoming sunlight, while the albedo is reduced to nearly 20%. Let's assume that Earth's ability to reflect incoming solar radiation is negligible. The Earth's surface radiates 240 W/m2, all of which is absorbed by the atmosphere. Assuming that Earth can be modeled as a blackbody emitter and incoming/outgoing energy as shown in the schematic, find the following quantities: a) The "nuclear winter" temperature [°C] of the surface of the Earth b) X, the rate [W/m²] at which radiation is emitted from the atmosphere to space c) Y, the rate [W/m²] of absorption of short-wavelength solar radiation at the Earth's surface d) Z, the rate [W/m2] at which the atmosphere radiates energy to the Earth's surface Incoming 342 W/m² Reflected to space X…arrow_forwardQ.56 In a stop watch time study, the actual readings in minutes, recorded for an element are! 0.05, 0.06, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.06, 0.06, 0.05, 0.06, 0.06, 0.06, 0.06, 0.05, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.05 (1) Have sufficient number of readings.been taken for 95% confidence level and ±5% accurancy? (1) If the rating is 120% what would be the normal time for element? fatiquearrow_forward
- 2. For each of the situations described below, use an initial value problem to model the situation. Clearly define any variables and functions used. Do not solve the initial value problems. a. A 60kg ball is released from rest 3km above the Earth. Its drag force has a proportionality constant of 50 . Model its velocity as a function of time. m b. Air conditioning is turned off in an empty building. Initially, at 6PM, it has an interior temperature of 60°F. The building has a time constant of 4 hours. (Note: This is the time constant, not the constant of proportionality in Newton's Law.) The outdoor temperature fluctuates sinusoidally, reaching a maxmimum of 100°F at noon and a minimum of 60°F at midnight every day. Assume there are no heating or cooling effects on the build aside from Newton's Law of Cooling. Model the building's temperature as a function of time.arrow_forward5. Stress-strain calculation, heat transfer, and dynamic simulation are forms of: * Productivity efficiency Engineering analysis Documentation Data base optimizationarrow_forwardNewton fluid having a density of Viscosity and a viscosity of μ flows in a cylindrical tube having a diameter of D and a length of L by a pressure difference of >0. Assuming that the cylinder is horizontal with steady state, full development flow, based on momentum and mechanical energy balance equations,(1) Indicate the friction for the pressure difference.(2) Indicate the friction against the shear stress on the inner wall of the tube.(3) Write an expression defining the coefficient of friction and indicate the pressure difference.arrow_forward
- At 250C, the interfacial tension between water and n – octyl alcohol is 8.50 dyne/cm. if the surface tension of n-octyl is 27.53 dyne/cm and that of the water is 72.75 dyne/cm, predict whether water spreads on the alcohol by calculating a) Work of cohesion of n-octyl b) Work of adhesion and c) the spreading coefficient of water on the alcohol. Will alcohol spread on water?arrow_forwardAs far as maintenance costs are concerned: O for high levels of maintenance commitment, breakdown maintenance costs exceed preventive maintenance costs. O for low levels of maintenance commitment, preventive maintenance costs exceed breakdown maintenance costs. preventive maintenance is always more economical than breakdown maintenance. breakdown maintenance is always more economical than preventive maintenance when the "full cost of breakdowns" is taken into consideration. O for low levels of mairtenance commitment, breakdown maintenance costs exceed preventive maintenance costs.arrow_forwardThe simple dynamic method is used to measure kļa in a fermenter operated at 30 C and 1 atm pressure. Data for the dissolved oxygen concentration as a function of time during the reoxygenation step are as follows: Time (s) CAL (% air saturation) 10 43.5 15 53.5 20 60.0 30 67.5 40 70.5 50 72.0 70 73.0 100 73.5 130 73.5 (a) Calculate the value of kla.arrow_forward
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