Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12.1, Problem 16CC
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The cell is composed of three major parts. These are “membrane, cytoplasm and the genetic material”. The fluid that surrounds the cell and helps in the transportation of substances across the cell membrane is called the extracellular fluid. The cell contains ions such as K+, Ca2+, and so on.
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"The membrane potential arises from movements of charge that leave ion concentrations practically unaffected, causing only a very slight discrepancy in the number of positive and negative ions on the two sides of the membrane." is true or false.
if an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potential
In an excitable cell at rest, we expect to find ______ ions effluxing out of the cell through leak channels in the plasma membrane to establish a negative resting membrane potential.
Calcium
Chloride
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Identify as many pairs of antagonistic muscle...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 12.1 - What are the three anatomical elements of a...Ch. 12.1 - What is the chemical signal at a neuromuscular...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 7CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 12.1 - Name an elastic fiber in the sarcomere that aids...
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 11CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 12CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 13CCCh. 12.1 - According to the convention for naming enzymes,...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 15CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 16CCCh. 12.1 - Summation in muscle fibers means that the...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 18CCCh. 12.1 - Which type of runner would you expect to have more...Ch. 12.1 - What is the response of a muscle fiber to an...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 21CCCh. 12.2 - One study found that many world-class athletes...Ch. 12.3 - What is the response of a muscle fiber to an...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 24CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 25CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 26CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 27CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 28CCCh. 12.3 - What happens to contraction if a smooth muscle is...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 30CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 31CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 32CCCh. 12.3 - How can a neuron alter the amount of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 34CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 35CCCh. 12 - The three types of muscle tissue found in the...Ch. 12 - Which two muscle types are striated?Ch. 12 - Which type of muscle tissue is controlled only by...Ch. 12 - Arrange the following skeletal muscle components...Ch. 12 - The modified endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - List six proteins that make up the myofibrils....Ch. 12 - List the letters used to label the elements of a...Ch. 12 - Briefly explain the functions of titin and...Ch. 12 - During contraction, the __________ band remains a...Ch. 12 - Explain the sliding filament theory of...Ch. 12 - Explain the roles of troponin, tropomyosin, and...Ch. 12 - Which neurotransmitter is released by somatic...Ch. 12 - What is the motor end plate, and what kinds of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RQCh. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - The basic unit of contraction in an intact...Ch. 12 - The two functional types of smooth muscle are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Prob. 23RQCh. 12 - Define muscle fatigue. Summarize factors that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 25RQCh. 12 - Prob. 26RQCh. 12 - Prob. 27RQCh. 12 - What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in...Ch. 12 - Compare and contrast: a. fast-twitch...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RQCh. 12 - One way that scientists study muscles is to put...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32RQCh. 12 - On the basis of what you have learned about muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34RQCh. 12 - Prob. 35RQ
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- Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.arrow_forwardThe rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not constant but is controlled by a combined effect of changes in ICF Na+ concentration and ECF K+ concentration. Do you think the changes in both ICF Na+ and ECF K+ concentration following a series of action potentials in a neuron would accelerate, slow down, or have no effect on the Na+K+ pumps in this cell?arrow_forwardThere are differences in Na+, K+, and Cl- ion concentrations across the membrane. Knowing that ions like to flow down their respective concentration gradients explain how the movement of Cl- and K+ ions can result in membrane hyperpolarization.arrow_forward
- When a person becomes dehydrated, the amount of water in extracellular fluids such as blood decreases, causing the solute concentration of these fluids to increase. State whether osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells.arrow_forwardmembrane permeability for most of the compounds is directly proportional to their partition coefficient or their relative solubility in oil versus water true or falsearrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential is established by? The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell a) and d) b) and c)arrow_forward
- In excitable cells, such as neurons, K+ is held at a much higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Which of the following would hold K+ at this concentration?arrow_forwardIf a skeletal muscle has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the following transporters affect cytosolic ion concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Skeletal Muscle Cell With Depleted ATP Stores Ion transporter Cytosolic K+ Cytosolic Na+ Cytosolic Ca2+ NKA NCX SERCAarrow_forwardLet’s say that the intracellular tonicity is 300 mosm. Checkmark the correct response to what would happen to the cell when it is placed in the following solutions prepared from sucrose (impermeable), NaCl (impermeable), and urea (permeable). Solution Nothing Swell Shrink 100 mM sucrose 200 mM NaCl 300 mM urea 300 mM NaCl 100 mM sucrose + 100 mM NaCl 100 mM ureaarrow_forward
- In some circumstances, as during a nerve impulse, sodium ions must enter the cell. How are they able to do so?arrow_forwardtrue or false if a cell has a greater number of protein carriers, the rate of facilitated diffusion across the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane will be increased .arrow_forwardThe membrane potential across a cell membrane can be thought of as a "blend" or weighted average of a. the concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the extracellular fluid b. the concetrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the cytoplasm c. the concentrations of all permeable ions in the cytoplasm d. the membrane potenial before and after the action potential e. None of the above answer choices correctly completes the sentencearrow_forward
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