Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.3, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Combinatorial control means the genes of eukaryotes, mainly the multicellular species are regulated by many factors.
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In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcription is regulated?
Group of answer choices
Activators and enhancers at sites distant from structural genes interact to increase or decrease transcription
Regulatory genes are always tightly coupled in physical proximity to the structural genes they regulate
There are only a few transcription factors that are functional in eukarya
Attenuation, where translation and transcription are tightly coupled, is common.
Transcriptional regulation often involves a regulatory protein that binds to a segment of DNA and a small effector molecule that binds to the regulatory protein. Do each of the following terms apply to a regulatory protein, a segment of DNA, or a small effector molecule?
A. Repressor
B. Inducer
C. Operator site
D. Corepressor
E. Activator
F. Attenuator
G. Inhibitor
Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms:
Degradation of mRNA (two ways)
Blocking translation
Degradation of the protein
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 12.1 - How does gene regulation underlie the different...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.1 - The most common point of gene regulation in...Ch. 12.2 - Which genes are under the control of the lac...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 12.4 - A chromatin-remodeling complex may change the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 12.5 - What is the biological advantage of alternative...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 12 - Genes that are expressed at all times at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Transcription factors that bind to DNA and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - Prob. 8TYCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - What is the difference between inducible and...Ch. 12 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 12 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that the...Ch. 12 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increase the transcription rate are termed up-promoter mutations, and those that decrease the transcription rate are termed down-promoter mutations. If the promoter for the lac operon is TATGTT, would the following be uppromoters or downpromoters?A. TATGTT to TATATTB. TATGTT to TTTGTTC. TATGTT to TATGATarrow_forwardDuring the process of bacterial transcription initiation, an open complex is formed involving the promoter and RNA polymerase. The open complex ________________________________. is the first complex formed between RNA polymerase and the promoter is formed after the sigma factor is released is an unstable transcription initiation complex formed between RNA polymerase and the promoter in the absence of sigma factor is a transcription complex in which an RNA stem-loop structure keeps the DNA strands separated. is a stable transcription initiation complex in which the DNA strands in the promoter region are separatedarrow_forwardExplain how the expression of a single gene can be quickly,efficiently,and specifically shut down at the transcriptional,posttranscriptional,and posttranslational stages through thecoordinated expression of a transcriptional repressor, an miRNA,and a ubiquitin ligase.arrow_forward
- Let’s suppose a mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor does not prevent the binding of the glucocorticoid hormone to the protein but prevents the ability of the receptor to activate transcription. Make a list of all the possible defects that may explain why transcription cannot be activated.arrow_forwardThe sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E. coli includes which of the following? None of the answer options are correct. plays a role in transcription termination forms part of the core enzyme required for transcription initiation helps the siRNA to bind to the promoter All of the answer options are correct. contributes to the proof-reading activity of RNA polymerase And The role of tRNA is to serve as an intermediate in the decoding of genes. serve as general translational components of the ribosome. facilitate protein trafficking in protein secretion. facilitate splicing of pre-messenger RNAs. act as vehicles bringing amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. None of the answer choices are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of RNA-based regulation may affect the expression of a target gene during translation (meaning, transcription is unaffected)? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices riboswitch asRNA miRNA siRNA attenuationarrow_forward
- A particular mutation in the bacterial sigma factor allows this protein to bind RNA polymerase but prevents it from coming off (detaching) RNA polymerase once it binds. What specific effect will this mutation have on transcription? It will prevent the transcription termination exerted by the Rho protein. It will prevent the formation of closed complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the formation of open complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the transition from the transcription initiation to the transcription elongation stage. It will prevent the synthesis of abortive RNA transcripts while the RNA polymerase is bound at the promoter.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSEErrors in transcription can lead to silent mutations encoding the same amino acid or an altered protein that retains its functionality.arrow_forwardThe transcription initiation factor “recruited” together with RNA-Pol II in the formation of preinitiation complex is A. TFIIB B. TFIIH C. TFIIF D. TFIIAarrow_forward
- With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start site is a. located at the −35 sequence and is recognized by σ factor. b. located at the −35 sequence and is where the first base is used as a template for transcription. c. located at the +1 site and is recognized by σ factor. d. located at the +1 site and is where the first base is used as a template for transcription.arrow_forwardList five events other than transcription initiation thatcan affect the type or amount of active protein produced in a eukaryotic cell.arrow_forwardYou are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expressionarrow_forward
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