Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 3CONQ
According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false?
A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble.
B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA.
C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.
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According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each the following statementstrue or false?A. The sequence of an anticodon in a tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA, with some allowance for wobble.B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA.C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of thetRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.
Describe how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA codes for the amino acids of a protein. How can the insertion or deletion of even one nucleotide in mRNA cause significant changes to the protein that results?
Which statement is true of the translocation phase of elongation during protein synthesis?
a.
The empty tRNA moves to the A site of the ribosomal complex.
b.
The empty tRNA moves to the T site of the ribosomal complex.
c.
The dipeptide moves from the A site to the P site of the ribosomal complex.
d.
The dipeptide moves from the P site to the A site of the ribosomal complex.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.1 - 2. The reason why Beadle and Tatum observed four...Ch. 13.2 - What is the genetic code? a. The relationship...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.2 - The fourth codon in an mRNA sequence is GGG, which...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.4 - 2. The anticodon of a tRNA is located in the
a....Ch. 13.4 - An enzyme known as _______attaches an amino acid...
Ch. 13.5 - Each ribosomal subunit is composed of a. multiple...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.6 - 1. During the initiation stage of translation in...Ch. 13.6 - The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the...Ch. 13.6 - During the peptidyl transfer reaction, the...Ch. 13.6 - A release factor is referred to as a molecular...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 13 - What does it mean when we say that the genetic...Ch. 13 - According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 13 - 6. The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 13 - If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 3CCI5, what...Ch. 13 - Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 13 - 14. What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 13 - 16. Discuss the significance of modified bases...Ch. 13 - How and when does formylmethionine become attached...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 13 - The term subunit can be used in a variety of ways....Ch. 13 - 22. Do the following events during bacterial...Ch. 13 - 23. What are the three stages of translation?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 13 - 25. For each of the following initiation factors,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 13 - 27. For each of the following sequences, rank them...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 13 - In which of the ribosomal sites, the A site, P...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 13 - 1. In the experiment of Figure 13.7, what would be...Ch. 13 - 2. Polypeptides can be translated in vitro. Would...Ch. 13 - Discuss how the elucidation of the structure of...Ch. 13 - Describe the structure of a polysome, which is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5EQCh. 13 - 6. The technique of Western blotting is described...Ch. 13 - The protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8EQCh. 13 - Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to...Ch. 13 - 2. Discuss and make a list of the similarities...Ch. 13 - 3. Which events during translation involve...
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- What happens when one base pair of DNA is lost from the coding region of a gene because of mutation? First explain how this would affect the mRNA sequence, and second, explain how this would alter the amino acid of the protein that is encoded.arrow_forwardWhat process is the P site in a ribosome most closely associated with? a. Binds the tRNA molecule carrying the next needed amino acid to the mRNA strand b. Transcription of DNA to RNA c. Release of a tRNA molecule from a ribosome d. Anchoring of the tRNA holding the growing polypeptidearrow_forwardWhy would a protein increase mRNA levels? How would you test that to prove your theory?arrow_forward
- Diagram generally how a mRNA that contains sequences corresponding to four (4) exons would be translated. How many domains would the protein that results from translation contain?arrow_forwardWhat is the genetic code? a. The relationship between a three-base codon sequence and an amino acid or the end of translation b. The entire base sequence of an mRNA molecule c. The entire sequence from the promoter to the terminator of a gene d. The binding of tRNA to mRNAarrow_forwardIf you imagine a messenger RNA molecule in the cytoplasm of a cell, which of the following will likely affect how much protein is made by translation of this message? A. The presence of appropriate snRNPs. B. The length of the polyA tail. C. The strength of hydrogen bonds holding the mRNA to ribosomal RNA. D. The ability of the mRNA to pair with itself to form a helix-turn-helix structure.arrow_forward
- Which of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of siRNA? A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription C. a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translationarrow_forwardOnce translated into proteins: (a) How many nucleotides are there? (b) How many codons are there? (c) How many amino acids?arrow_forwardDescribe the specificity between the amino acid carried by a tRNA and a codon in mRNA.arrow_forward
- The fourth codon in an mRNA sequence is GGG, which specifies glycine. If we assume that no amino acids are removed from the polypeptide, which of the following statements is correct? a. The third amino acid from the N-terminus is glycine. b. The fourth amino acid from the N-terminus is glycine. c. The third amino acid from the C-terminus is glycine. d. The fourth amino acid from the C-terminus is glycine.arrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.arrow_forwardWhen mRNA was discovered, Francis Crick proposed the Adaptor Hypothesis. He predicted that there would be a set of adaptor molecules which recognized a specific nucleotide sequence on one end and a specific amino acid on the other end. 1A. Is there such a set of adaptor molecules? What are they called? 1B. How do these adaptor molecules recognize specific nucleotide sequences? 1C. How do these adaptor molecules recognize specific amino acids? If they do not recognize specific amino acids, how do specific amino acids become attached to specific adaptor molecules?arrow_forward
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