Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 13, Problem 8EQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
A. The effect of codon biason the protein synthesis of kangaroo mRNA(messenger deoxyribonucleic acid), using the cell-free system derived from yeast translation.
B. The advantages and disadvantages of codon bias in thetranslation process.
Introduction:
A codon is a sequence of three
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Consider the tryptophan codon 5′ - UGG - 3′ in the standard genetic code . Can a single base change in this codon create a synonymous mutation? Can a single base change in this codon create a nonsense codon?
in the human gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin, the first 30 nucleotides in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence 3'TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'.
What is the sequence of the partner strand?
If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of hemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.
Consider the following wild-type and mutant sequences:Wild-type ....CTTGCAAGCGAATC....Mutant ....CTTGCTAGCGAATC....The substitution shown seems to have created a stop codon. What further information do you need to be confident that it has done so?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.1 - 2. The reason why Beadle and Tatum observed four...Ch. 13.2 - What is the genetic code? a. The relationship...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.2 - The fourth codon in an mRNA sequence is GGG, which...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.4 - 2. The anticodon of a tRNA is located in the
a....Ch. 13.4 - An enzyme known as _______attaches an amino acid...
Ch. 13.5 - Each ribosomal subunit is composed of a. multiple...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.6 - 1. During the initiation stage of translation in...Ch. 13.6 - The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the...Ch. 13.6 - During the peptidyl transfer reaction, the...Ch. 13.6 - A release factor is referred to as a molecular...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 13 - What does it mean when we say that the genetic...Ch. 13 - According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 13 - 6. The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 13 - If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 3CCI5, what...Ch. 13 - Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 13 - 14. What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 13 - 16. Discuss the significance of modified bases...Ch. 13 - How and when does formylmethionine become attached...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 13 - The term subunit can be used in a variety of ways....Ch. 13 - 22. Do the following events during bacterial...Ch. 13 - 23. What are the three stages of translation?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 13 - 25. For each of the following initiation factors,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 13 - 27. For each of the following sequences, rank them...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 13 - In which of the ribosomal sites, the A site, P...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 13 - 1. In the experiment of Figure 13.7, what would be...Ch. 13 - 2. Polypeptides can be translated in vitro. Would...Ch. 13 - Discuss how the elucidation of the structure of...Ch. 13 - Describe the structure of a polysome, which is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5EQCh. 13 - 6. The technique of Western blotting is described...Ch. 13 - The protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8EQCh. 13 - Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to...Ch. 13 - 2. Discuss and make a list of the similarities...Ch. 13 - 3. Which events during translation involve...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- It is possible for the codons for a single amino acid to have the first two bases in common and to differ in the third base. Why is this experimental observation consistent with the concept of wobble?arrow_forwardThe following is as segment of mRNA: 5'-UCGGAAUGUGGUGGCAUACAGGCUUACAGAACUAAGUCUGAGAAU-3' A. How many amino acids long will be the protein translated from the only reading frame available in this segment? B. If a mutation changes the third letter of the stop codon in the only reading frame available in this segment, how many amino acids long will be the protein translated?arrow_forwardHow many cases are there in which it would be possible to identify the first two nucleotides of a codon if the amino acid specified by it is known?arrow_forward
- Codons 24 to 66 represent an intron. At what point in the process of protein synthesis are introns removed? What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing them?arrow_forwardHow does placement of a ribosome at the start codon differ in bacteria and eukaryotes? What role do the 59 cap and 39 poly-A tail play in this process in eukaryotes?arrow_forwardUsing a table that shows which codon represents which amino acid determine the following: A) The possible codons that encode Serine: B) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 2nd position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases: C) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 3rd position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases: D) The amino acids that could be encoded if the 1st position of the UCA codon that encodes Serine was changed to one of the other 3 bases:arrow_forward
- Consider this sequence below: GAG TAC ACG AGT GGA Which of the following options is an example of a non-synonymous point mutation? (remember to translate to mRNA!) A. GAG TAC AAT CGA GTG GA B. GAG TAC ACG GGT GGA C. GAG TAC A–G AGT GGA D. GAG TAC ACG AGA GGAarrow_forwardBy base-pair substitution, what are all the synonymouschanges that can be made starting with the codon CGG?arrow_forwardThe amino acid glycine is encoded by four codons: GGA, GGC, GGG, and GGU. Which of the following statements correctly explains this fact? The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 5' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 3' base of the codon. The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 3' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 5' base of the codon. Glycine tRNA has four anticodons, and the appropriate anticodon specifically pairs with the correct codon. There are four tRNAs for glycine, each of which has an anticodon that specifically pairs with the correct codon. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Let’s suppose a researcher mixed together nucleotides with the following percentage of bases: 30% G, 30% C, and 40% A. If RNA was made via polynucleotide phosphorylase, what percentage of the codons would be 5′-GGC-3′? a. 30% b. 9% c. 2.7% d. 0%arrow_forwardYou start by looking at the mutations that Yanofsky recovered in TrpA. One of these mutations affected amino acid number 177 and changed it from Leucine to Arginine – because Yanofsky recovered it in his screen, that means that having an Arginine in this position does not allow the TrpA gene to function properly. Assuming that this particular mutation induced by Yanofsky was a single nucleotide change, what are the possible codons of Leucine that could be found at this position in wild-type TrpA? What are the possible codons for Leucine that could be found in the mutant?. If you took this mutant E. Coli line (that has an Arginine at this location) and exposed it to a mutagen that could potentially change bases, what are the second mutations you would most likely discover that would restore the activity of the tryptophan synthetase gene and where would it be located?arrow_forwardYou start by looking at the mutations that Yanofsky recovered in TrpA. One of these mutations affected amino acid number 177 and changed it from Leucine to Arginine – because Yanofsky recovered it in his screen, that means that having an Arginine in this position does not allow the TrpA gene to function properly. Assuming that this particular mutation induced by Yanofsky was a single nucleotide change, what are the possible codons of Leucine that could be found at this position in wild-type TrpA? What are the possible codons for Leucine that could be found in the mutant?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Enzyme Kinetics; Author: MIT OpenCourseWare;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXWZr3mscUo;License: Standard Youtube License