InterGlobal Industries is a diversified corporation with separate operating divisions. Each division’s performance is evaluated on the basis of profit and return on investment.
The Air Comfort Division manufactures and sells air-conditioner units. The coming year’s
Air Comfort’s division manager believes sales can be increased if the price of the air-conditioners is reduced. A
The Air Comfort Division uses a compressor in its units, which it purchases from an outside supplier at a cost of $70 per compressor. The Air Comfort Division manager has asked the manager of the Compressor Division about selling compressor units to Air Comfort. The Compressor Division currently manufactures and sells a unit to outside firms that is similar to the unit used by the Air Comfort Division. The specifications of the Air Comfort Division compressor are slightly different, which would reduce the Compressor Division’s direct material cost by $1.50 per unit. In addition, the Compressor Division would not incur any variable selling costs in the units sold to the Air Comfort Division. The manager of the Air Comfort Division wants all of the compressors it uses to come from one supplier and has offered to pay $50 for each compressor unit.
The Compressor Division has the capacity to produce 75,000 units. Its budgeted income statement for the coming year, which follows, is based on a sales volume of 64,000 units without considering Air Comfort’s proposal.
Required:
- 1. Should the Air Comfort Division institute the 5 percent price reduction on its air-conditioner units even if it cannot acquire the compressors internally for $50 each? Support your conclusion with appropriate calculations.
- 2. Independently of your answer to requirement (1), assume the Air Comfort Division needs 17,400 units. Should the Compressor Division be willing to supply the compressor units for $50 each? Support your conclusions with appropriate calculations.
- 3. Independently of your answer to requirement (1), assume Air Comfort needs 17,400 units. Suppose InterGlobal’s top management has specified a transfer price of $50. Would it be in the best interest of InterGlobal Industries for the Compressor Division to supply the compressor units at $50 each to the Air Comfort Division? Support your conclusions with appropriate calculations.
- 4. Is $50 a goal-congruent transfer price? [Refer to your answers for requirements (2) and (3).]
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Managerial Accounting: Creating Value in a Dynamic Business Environment
- The condensed income statement for the Consumer Products Division of Tri-State Industries Inc. is as follows (assuming no support department allocations): The manager of the Consumer Products Division is considering ways to increase the return on investment. a. Using the DuPont formula for return on investment, determine the profit margin, investment turnover, and return on investment of the Consumer Products Division, assuming that 143,750,000 of assets have been invested in the Consumer Products Division. b. If expenses could be reduced by 3,450,000 without decreasing sales, what would be the impact on the profit margin, investment turnover, and return on investment for the Consumer Products Division?arrow_forwardKatayama Company produces a variety of products. One division makes neoprene wetsuits. The divisions projected income statement for the coming year is as follows: Required: 1. Compute the contribution margin per unit, and calculate the break-even point in units. Repeat, using the contribution margin ratio. 2. The divisional manager has decided to increase the advertising budget by 140,000 and cut the average selling price to 200. These actions will increase sales revenues by 1 million. Will this improve the divisions financial situation? Prepare a new income statement to support your answer. 3. Suppose sales revenues exceed the estimated amount on the income statement by 612,000. Without preparing a new income statement, determine by how much profits are underestimated. 4. How many units must be sold to earn an after-tax profit of 1.254 million? Assume a tax rate of 34 percent. (Round your answer up to the next whole unit.) 5. Compute the margin of safety in dollars based on the given income statement. 6. Compute the operating leverage based on the given income statement. (Round to three significant digits.) If sales revenues are 20 percent greater than expected, what is the percentage increase in profits?arrow_forwardThe three divisions of Yummy Foods are Snack Goods, Cereal, and Frozen Foods. The divisions are structured as investment centers. The following responsibility reports were prepared for the three divisions for the prior year: a. Which division is making the best use of invested assets and should be given priority for future capital investments? b. b. Assuming that the minimum acceptable return on new projects is 19%, would all investments that produce a return in excess of 19% be accepted by the divisions? Explain. c. c. Identify opportunities for improving the companys financial performance.arrow_forward
- Last Resort Industries Inc. is a privately held diversified company with five separate divisions organized as investment centers. A condensed income statement for the Specialty Products Division for the past year, assuming no support department allocations, along with asset information is as follows: The manager of the Specialty Products Division was recently presented with the opportunity to add an additional product line, which would require invested assets of 14,400,000. A projected income statement for the new product line is as follows: The Specialty Products Division currently has 27,000,000 in invested assets, and Last Resort Industries Inc.s overall return on investment, including all divisions, is 10%. Each division manager is evaluated on the basis of divisional return on investment. A bonus is paid, in 8,000 increments, for each whole percentage point that the divisions return on investment exceeds the company average. The president is concerned that the manager of the Specialty Products Division rejected the addition of the new product line, even though all estimates indicated that the product line would be profitable and would increase overall company income. You have been asked to analyze the possible reasons the Specialty Products Division manager rejected the new product line. a. Determine the return on investment for the Specialty Products Division for the past year. b. Determine the Specialty Products Division managers bonus for the past year. c. Determine the estimated return on investment for the new product line. Round percentages to one decimal place and the investment turnover to two decimal places. d. Why might the manager of the Specialty Products Division decide to reject the new product line? Support your answer by determining the projected return on investment for 20Y6, assuming that the new product line was launched in the Specialty Products Division and 20Y6 actual operating results were similar to those of 20Y5. e. Suggest an alternative performance measure for motivating division managers to accept new investment opportunities that would increase the overall company income and return on investment.arrow_forwardJavier Company has sales of 8 million and quality costs of 1,600,000. The company is embarking on a major quality improvement program. During the next three years, Javier intends to attack failure costs by increasing its appraisal and prevention costs. The right prevention activities will be selected, and appraisal costs will be reduced according to the results achieved. For the coming year, management is considering six specific activities: quality training, process control, product inspection, supplier evaluation, prototype testing, and redesign of two major products. To encourage managers to focus on reducing non-value-added quality costs and select the right activities, a bonus pool is established relating to reduction of quality costs. The bonus pool is equal to 10 percent of the total reduction in quality costs. Current quality costs and the costs of these six activities are given in the following table. Each activity is added sequentially so that its effect on the cost categories can be assessed. For example, after quality training is added, the control costs increase to 320,000, and the failure costs drop to 1,040,000. Even though the activities are presented sequentially, they are totally independent of each other. Thus, only beneficial activities need be selected. Required: 1. Identify the control activities that should be implemented, and calculate the total quality costs associated with this selection. Assume that an activity is selected only if it increases the bonus pool. 2. Given the activities selected in Requirement 1, calculate the following: a. The reduction in total quality costs b. The percentage distribution for control and failure costs c. The amount for this years bonus pool 3. Suppose that a quality engineer complained about the gainsharing incentive system. Basically, he argued that the bonus should be based only on reductions of failure and appraisal costs. In this way, investment in prevention activities would be encouraged, and eventually, failure and appraisal costs would be eliminated. After eliminating the non-value-added costs, focus could then be placed on the level of prevention costs. If this approach were adopted, what activities would be selected? Do you agree or disagree with this approach? Explain.arrow_forwardDantrell Palmer has just been appointed manager of Kirchner Glass Products Division. He has two years to make the division profitable. If the division is still showing a loss after two years, it will be eliminated, and Dantrell will be reassigned as an assistant divisional manager in another division. The divisional income statement for the most recent year is as follows: Upon arriving at the division, Dantrell requested the following data on the divisions three products: He also gathered data on a proposed new product (Product D). If this product is added, it would displace one of the current products; the quantity that could be produced and sold would equal the quantity sold of the product it displaces, although demand limits the maximum quantity that could be sold to 20,000 units. Because of specialized production equipment, it is not possible for the new product to displace part of the production of a second product. The information on Product D is as follows: Required: 1. Prepare segmented income statements for Products A, B, and C. 2. Determine the products that Dantrell should produce for the coming year. Prepare segmented income statements that prove your combination is the best for the division. By how much will profits improve given the combination that you selected? (Hint: Your combination may include one, two, or three products.)arrow_forward
- Xenold, Inc., manufactures and sells cooktops and ovens through three divisions: Home, Restaurant, and Specialty. Each division is evaluated as a profit center. Data for each division for last year are as follows (numbers in thousands): The income tax rate for Xenold, Inc., is 40 percent. Xenold, Inc., has two sources of financing: bonds paying 5 percent interest, which account for 25 percent of total investment, and equity accounting for the remaining 75 percent of total investment. Xenold, Inc., has been in business for over 15 years and is considered a relatively stable stock, despite its link to the cyclical construction industry. As a result, Xenold stock has an opportunity cost of 5 percent over the 4 percent long-term government bond rate. Xenolds total capital employed is 5.04 million (2,600,000 for the Home Division, 1,700,000 for the Restaurant Division, and the remainder for the Specialty Division). Required: 1. Prepare a segmented income statement for Xenold, Inc., for last year. 2. Calculate Xenolds weighted average cost of capital. (Round to four significant digits.) 3. Calculate EVA for each division and for Xenold, Inc. 4. Comment on the performance of each of the divisions.arrow_forwardKent Tessman, manager of a Dairy Products Division, was pleased with his divisions performance over the past three years. Each year, divisional profits had increased, and he had earned a sizable bonus. (Bonuses are a linear function of the divisions reported income.) He had also received considerable attention from higher management. A vice president had told him in confidence that if his performance over the next three years matched his first three, he would be promoted to higher management. Determined to fulfill these expectations, Kent made sure that he personally reviewed every capital budget request. He wanted to be certain that any funds invested would provide good, solid returns. (The divisions cost of capital is 10 percent.) At the moment, he is reviewing two independent requests. Proposal A involves automating a manufacturing operation that is currently labor intensive. Proposal B centers on developing and marketing a new ice cream product. Proposal A requires an initial outlay of 250,000, and Proposal B requires 312,500. Both projects could be funded, given the status of the divisions capital budget. Both have an expected life of six years and have the following projected after-tax cash flows: After careful consideration of each investment, Kent approved funding of Proposal A and rejected Proposal B. Required: 1. Compute the NPV for each proposal. 2. Compute the payback period for each proposal. 3. According to your analysis, which proposal(s) should be accepted? Explain. 4. Explain why Kent accepted only Proposal A. Considering the possible reasons for rejection, would you judge his behavior to be ethical? Explain.arrow_forwardMaterials used by the Instrument Division of Ziegler Inc. are currently purchased from outside suppliers at a cost of 1,350 per unit. However, the same materials are available from the Components Division. The Components Division has unused capacity and can produce the materials needed by the Instrument Division at a variable cost of 900 per unit. a. If a transfer price of 1,000 per unit is established and 75,000 units of materials are transferred, with no reduction in the Components Divisions current sales, how much would Ziegler Inc.s total operating income increase? b. How much would the Instrument Divisions operating income increase? c. How much would the Components Divisions operating income increase?arrow_forward
- Hammond Company runs a driving range and golf shop. The budgeted income statement for the coming year is as follows. Required: 1. What is Hammonds variable cost ratio? Its contribution margin ratio? 2. Suppose Hammonds actual revenues are 200,000 greater than budgeted. By how much will before-tax profits increase? Give the answer without preparing a new income statement. 3. How much sales revenue must Hammond earn in order to break even? What is the expected margin of safety? (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.) 4. How much sales revenue must Hammond generate to earn a before-tax profit of 130,000? An after-tax profit of 90,000? (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.) Prepare a contribution margin income statement to verify the accuracy of your last answer.arrow_forwardAt the beginning of the last quarter of 20x1, Youngston, Inc., a consumer products firm, hired Maria Carrillo to take over one of its divisions. The division manufactured small home appliances and was struggling to survive in a very competitive market. Maria immediately requested a projected income statement for 20x1. In response, the controller provided the following statement: After some investigation, Maria soon realized that the products being produced had a serious problem with quality. She once again requested a special study by the controllers office to supply a report on the level of quality costs. By the middle of November, Maria received the following report from the controller: Maria was surprised at the level of quality costs. They represented 30 percent of sales, which was certainly excessive. She knew that the division had to produce high-quality products to survive. The number of defective units produced needed to be reduced dramatically. Thus, Maria decided to pursue a quality-driven turnaround strategy. Revenue growth and cost reduction could both be achieved if quality could be improved. By growing revenues and decreasing costs, profitability could be increased. After meeting with the managers of production, marketing, purchasing, and human resources, Maria made the following decisions, effective immediately (end of November 20x1): a. More will be invested in employee training. Workers will be trained to detect quality problems and empowered to make improvements. Workers will be allowed a bonus of 10 percent of any cost savings produced by their suggested improvements. b. Two design engineers will be hired immediately, with expectations of hiring one or two more within a year. These engineers will be in charge of redesigning processes and products with the objective of improving quality. They will also be given the responsibility of working with selected suppliers to help improve the quality of their products and processes. Design engineers were considered a strategic necessity. c. Implement a new process: evaluation and selection of suppliers. This new process has the objective of selecting a group of suppliers that are willing and capable of providing nondefective components. d. Effective immediately, the division will begin inspecting purchased components. According to production, many of the quality problems are caused by defective components purchased from outside suppliers. Incoming inspection is viewed as a transitional activity. Once the division has developed a group of suppliers capable of delivering nondefective components, this activity will be eliminated. e. Within three years, the goal is to produce products with a defect rate less than 0.10 percent. By reducing the defect rate to this level, marketing is confident that market share will increase by at least 50 percent (as a consequence of increased customer satisfaction). Products with better quality will help establish an improved product image and reputation, allowing the division to capture new customers and increase market share. f. Accounting will be given the charge to install a quality information reporting system. Daily reports on operational quality data (e.g., percentage of defective units), weekly updates of trend graphs (posted throughout the division), and quarterly cost reports are the types of information required. g. To help direct the improvements in quality activities, kaizen costing is to be implemented. For example, for the year 20x1, a kaizen standard of 6 percent of the selling price per unit was set for rework costs, a 25 percent reduction from the current actual cost. To ensure that the quality improvements were directed and translated into concrete financial outcomes, Maria also began to implement a Balanced Scorecard for the division. By the end of 20x2, progress was being made. Sales had increased to 26,000,000, and the kaizen improvements were meeting or beating expectations. For example, rework costs had dropped to 1,500,000. At the end of 20x3, two years after the turnaround quality strategy was implemented, Maria received the following quality cost report: Maria also received an income statement for 20x3: Maria was pleased with the outcomes. Revenues had grown, and costs had been reduced by at least as much as she had projected for the two-year period. Growth next year should be even greater as she was beginning to observe a favorable effect from the higher-quality products. Also, further quality cost reductions should materialize as incoming inspections were showing much higher-quality purchased components. Required: 1. Identify the strategic objectives, classified by the Balanced Scorecard perspective. Next, suggest measures for each objective. 2. Using the results from Requirement 1, describe Marias strategy using a series of if-then statements. Next, prepare a strategy map. 3. Explain how you would evaluate the success of the quality-driven turnaround strategy. What additional information would you like to have for this evaluation? 4. Explain why Maria felt that the Balanced Scorecard would increase the likelihood that the turnaround strategy would actually produce good financial outcomes. 5. Advise Maria on how to encourage her employees to align their actions and behavior with the turnaround strategy.arrow_forwardBanyan Industries has two divisions, a tax rate of 30%, and a minimum rate of return of 20%. Division A has a weighted average cost of Capital of 9.5% and is looking at a new project that will generate a profit of $1,200,000 from a machine that costs $4,000,000. Division B has a weighted average cost of capital of 9.5% and is looking at a new project that will generate a profit of $1,350,000 from a machine that costs $5,000.000. A. Calculate the EVA for each of Banyans divisions. B. Calculate the RI for each of Banyans division. C. If Banyan uses EVA to evaluate the projects, which division has the better project and by how much? D. If Banyan uses RI, which division has the better project and by how much? E. What are some of the reasons for the similarity or difference that you found in the use of EVA versus RI?arrow_forward
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