Chapter 14, Problem 14.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from $\text{acetyl}\text{CoA}$ within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of $\text{acetyl}\text{CoA}$ in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.