Chemical Principles
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305581982
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 88CP
Bond energy has been defined in the text as the amount of energy required to break a
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How MO theory explains the bonding and magnetic properties of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules of Period 2 elements
sketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations of the 2p_z atomic orbitals in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. (the 2p_z orbitals are those whose lobes are oriented perpendicular to the bonding axis.). How do these molecular orbitals differ from those obtained from linear combinations of the 2p_y atomic orbitals? (the 2p_y orbitals are also oriented perpendicular to the bonding axis, but also perpendicular to the 2p_z orbitals.)
(hydrogen iodide, the superscripts represent the atomic mass number)
HI has the bond energy of 3.06 eV. Applying the parabolic approximation to estimate the longest distance in which H and I atoms can be stretched before the dissociation of the molecular bond
Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemical Principles
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1DQCh. 14 - Prob. 2DQCh. 14 - Prob. 3DQCh. 14 - Prob. 4DQCh. 14 - Prob. 5DQCh. 14 - Prob. 6DQCh. 14 - Compare and contrast the MO model with the LE...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8DQCh. 14 - Prob. 9ECh. 14 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 14 - Prob. 11ECh. 14 - Prob. 12ECh. 14 - Prob. 13ECh. 14 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15ECh. 14 - Use the LE model to describe the bonding in H2CO...Ch. 14 - Prob. 17ECh. 14 - The space-filling models of hydrogen cyanide and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 19ECh. 14 - Prob. 20ECh. 14 - Prob. 21ECh. 14 - Indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The...Ch. 14 - Prob. 23ECh. 14 - Prob. 24ECh. 14 - Why must all six atoms in C2H4 be in the same...Ch. 14 - The allene molecule has the following Lewis...Ch. 14 - Biacetyl and acetoin are added to margarine to...Ch. 14 - Many important compounds in the chemical industry...Ch. 14 - Prob. 29ECh. 14 - Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that...Ch. 14 - Two molecules used in the polymer industry are...Ch. 14 - Prob. 32ECh. 14 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 14 - Prob. 34ECh. 14 - Prob. 35ECh. 14 - What are the relationships among bond order, bond...Ch. 14 - Prob. 37ECh. 14 - A Lewis structure obeying the octet rule can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39ECh. 14 - Why does the molecular orbital model do a better...Ch. 14 - Prob. 41ECh. 14 - Prob. 42ECh. 14 - Prob. 43ECh. 14 - In which of the following diatomic molecules would...Ch. 14 - Prob. 45ECh. 14 - Using the molecular orbital model to describe the...Ch. 14 - The transport of O2 in the blood is carried out by...Ch. 14 - Prob. 48ECh. 14 - Prob. 49ECh. 14 - Consider the following electron configuration:...Ch. 14 - Prob. 51ECh. 14 - Using an MO energy-level diagram, would you expect...Ch. 14 - Use Figs.14.45 and 14.46 to answer the following...Ch. 14 - The diatomic molecule OH exists in the gas phase....Ch. 14 - Prob. 55ECh. 14 - Describe the bonding in the O3 molecule and the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 57ECh. 14 - The space-filling model for benzoic acid is shown...Ch. 14 - Prob. 59ECh. 14 - Prob. 60ECh. 14 - The microwave spectrum of 12C16O shows that the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 62ECh. 14 - Prob. 63ECh. 14 - Prob. 64ECh. 14 - Draw the Lewis structures, predict the molecular...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66AECh. 14 - Prob. 67AECh. 14 - Prob. 68AECh. 14 - Prob. 69AECh. 14 - Prob. 70AECh. 14 - Prob. 71AECh. 14 - Prob. 72AECh. 14 - Prob. 73AECh. 14 - Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency...Ch. 14 - Prob. 75AECh. 14 - Prob. 76AECh. 14 - Prob. 77AECh. 14 - Prob. 78AECh. 14 - Prob. 79AECh. 14 - Draw the Lewis structures for TeCl4 , ICl5 , PCl5...Ch. 14 - Prob. 81AECh. 14 - Pelargondin is the molecule responsible for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 83AECh. 14 - Prob. 84AECh. 14 - Prob. 85AECh. 14 - Prob. 86AECh. 14 - Given that the ionization energy of F2 is...Ch. 14 - Bond energy has been defined in the text as the...Ch. 14 - a.A flask containing gaseous N2 is irradiated with...Ch. 14 - Use the MO model to determine which of the...Ch. 14 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following from lowest to highest...Ch. 14 - Carbon monoxide (CO) forms bonds to a variety of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 94CPCh. 14 - In Exercise71 in Chapter13 , the Lewis structures...Ch. 14 - Prob. 96CPCh. 14 - Prob. 97CPCh. 14 - Prob. 98MP
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- Use MO theory to predict the bond order and the number of unpaired electrons in the super-oxide ion, , and the peroxide ion, .arrow_forwardThe ionosphere lies about 100 km above Earth’s surface.This layer consists mostly of NO, O₂, and N₂, and photoioniza-tion creates NO⁺, O₂⁺, and N₂⁺. (a) Use MO theory to compare the bond orders of the molecules and ions. (b) Does the magnetic behavior of each species change when its ion forms?arrow_forwardSketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations of the 2pz atomic orbitals in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. (The 2pz orbitals are those whose lobes are oriented perpendicular to the bonding axis.) How do these molecular orbitals differ from those obtained from linear combinations of the 2py atomic orbitals? (The 2py orbitals are also oriented perpendicular not only to the bonding axis, but also to the 2pz orbitals.)arrow_forward
- Use sketches of orbitals to show how VB theory explains the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. Illustrate with appropriate orbital diagrams as well. Use these to determine the number of orbitals that overlap in the Cl2 molecule. How many orbitals overlap in Cl2? Choose answer that aplies. a. Bonding will be similar to the bonding in F2, because fluorine and chlorine are in the same group of the periodic table. b. One 3p orbital of each chlorine atom will participate in the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. c. One 2p orbital of each chlorine atom will participate in the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. d. Two sp7 molecular orbitals will participate in the bonding in Cl2 molecule. d. Bonding will be similar to the bonding in F2, because fluorine and chlorine are in the same period of the periodic table.arrow_forwardWhat is the ground state electron configuration for Be+2? What is the bond order for Be+2?arrow_forwardThe artificial sweetener Aspartame has the following structure: Simple organic compound like this one has a formal charge of zer (therefore, it is needed to add lone pairs). Note the benzene ring (-C6H6). To answer the questions below it can be good to draw the structure and account for electrons and bonds. How many C and O atoms exhibit sp3 hybridization? How many s bonds are in aspartame? How many pi bonds are in aspartame?arrow_forward
- 2) a) Consider the following molecule . Given what you have learned about hybridization theory, draw an image or images explaining the bonding situation in this molecule. I want you to draw out all of the orbitals, hybrid orbitals and how they overlap to form the bonds in the molecule. Indicate the % s or p character in the given atomic and hybrid orbitals. Which C-C bond or bonds are the longest? In a paragraph or so explain the image or images you just drew. b) Lastly, consider the molecule below. Indicate the Molecular formula, the molar mass, label the hybridization of each atom except for hydrogen, indicate any chiral centers with a *, which bond or bonds are the shortest, identify by name of each functional group with an arrow pointing to the group.arrow_forwardWhy is it important that the sp2 hybrid orbitals of the twocarbon atoms lie in the same plane?arrow_forwardComplete the following energy level diagram for NO+1 and determine the bond order.arrow_forward
- If an electron is removed from a fluorine molecule, an F+2molecular ion forms.(a) Give the molecular electron configurations for F2 and F+2 (for the MOs constructed from valence AOs).(b) Give the bond order of each species.(c) Predict which species should be paramagnetic.(d) Predict which species has the greater bond dissociation energy.arrow_forwardThe calcium carbide, CaC2, contains the acetylene ion, C22-. Draw the energy level diagram of the molecular orbitals for that ion. How many σ and π bonds does the ion have? What is the order of the carbon-carbon bond? How was the binding order changed by adding electrons to C2 to form the C22- ion? Is the C22- ion paramagnetic?arrow_forward
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