Microeconomic Theory
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337517942
Author: NICHOLSON
Publisher: Cengage
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15.4P
a)
To determine
Nash
b)
To determine
Firm’s output, profit and market output is to be determined.
c)
To determine
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Consider a market for crude oil production. There are two firms in the market. The marginal cost of firm 1 is 20, while that of firm 2 is 20. The marginal cost is assumed to be constant. The inverse demand for crude oil is P(Q)=200-Q, where Q is the total production in the market. These two firms are engaging in Cournot competition. Find the production quantity of firm 1 in Nash equilibrium. If necessary, round off two decimal places and answer up to one decimal place.
Consider the following model of Cournot competition with fixed cost. There are two identical firms, and the inverse demand function is given byP(q1,q2) = 19−(q1 +q2).
Firms have constant marginal cost, but any firm operating in this market (that is, qi > 0) must pay a license fee F . In particular, firm i’s cost function is ( attached below )
a) Derive the firms’ best response functions.
(b) For what values of F, if any, will there be a symmetric (pure) Nash equilibrium in which firms produce a positive quantity? What is the Nash equilibrium in that case?
(c) For what values of F, if any, will both firms shutting down be the symmetric (pure) Nash equilibrium?
Two firms - firm 1 and firm 2 - share a market for a specific product. Both have zero marginal cost. They compete in the manner of Bertrand and the market demand for the product is given by: q = 20 − min{p1, p2}.
1. What are the equilibrium prices and profits?
2. Suppose the two firms have signed a collusion contract, that is, they agree to set the same price and share the market equally. What is the price they would set and what would be their profits? For the following parts, suppose the Bertrand game is played for infinitely many times with discount factor for both firms δ ∈ [0, 1).
3. Let both players adopt the following strategy: start with collusion; maintain the collusive price as long as no one has ever deviated before; otherwise set the Bertrand price. What is the minimum value of δ for which this is a SPNE. 4. Suppose the policy maker has imposed a price floor p = 4, that is, neither firm is allowed to set a price below $4. How does your answer to part 3 change? Is it now…
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- The market demand function is Q=10,000-1,000p. Each firm has a marginal cost of m=$0.28. Firm 1, the leader, acts before Firm 2, the follower. Solve for the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities, prices, and profits. Compare your solution to the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities are: q1=___________ units and q2=____________units The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium price is: p=$_____________ Profits for the firms are profit1=$_______________ and profit2=$_______________ The Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities are: q1=______________units and q2=______________units The Cournot-Nash equilibrium price is: p=$______________ Profits for the firms are profit1=$_____________ and profit2=$_______________arrow_forwardconsider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Now consider a modified game, which goes as follows: First, Firm 1 decides whether to enter the market or not. As in the previous question, there is no fixed cost, even if the firm decides to enter. Next, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s entry choice and decides whether to enter or not.Firm 2 has no fixed cost as well. If no firm enters, the game ends. If only one firm enters, that firm chooses quantity, operating as a monopolist. If both firms enter, then Firm 1 chooses quantity q1. Then, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s choice of q1 and then chooses q2 (like in the previous question). If a firm does not enter, it gets a payoff of zero. Which of the following statements is consistent with the SPNE of this game? Hint: you don’t need complicated math to solve this problem.(a) Neither firm…arrow_forwardConsider a market that is a Bertrand oligopoly with 5 firms in the market. Each of these firms produce an identical product and each have the same cost function of C(Q) = 80Q. The inverse market demand for this product is P = 2480 – 2Q. How much does EACH firm produce at the equilibrium price?arrow_forward
- Suppose a market is served by two firms (a duopoly). The market demand function given by P = 1200 - Q_{1} - Q_{2} where Q_{1} is the output produced by firm and Q_{2} is the output produced by firm 2 . Firm cost of production is given by the function C(Q_{t}) = 120Q_{t} and firm 2's cost of production is given by the function C(Q_{2}) = 120Q_{2} The average cost of firm 1 is given by A*C_{1} = 120 and the average cost of firm 2 is given by A*C_{2} = 120 Marginal profit function for firm 1: Delta pi 1 Delta Q 1 equiv1080-2Q 1 -Q 2; (d*pi_{2})/(Delta*Q_{2}) = 1080 - Q_{1} - 2Q_{2} Marginal profit function for firm 2: What will be the equilibrium profit levels earned by the Stackelberg leader firm and the Stackelberg follower firm?arrow_forwardConsider a Cournot Oligopoly. One firm has costs C1(Q1) = 12Q1 while the other firm’s cost function is C2(Q2) = 10Q2. The demand for both firms’ products Q=Q1 +Q2 isQD(P)=200−2P. (a) Determine the equilibrium price P, the market shares s1, s2, and the quantities Q1, Q2 produced by both firms. (b) Suppose more firms with the lower cost technology, i.e., with cost function Ci(Qi) = 10Qi enter the market. How many firms with this technology must be in the market such that firm 1’s profit becomes negative. In other words, suppose there is one firm with the high costs, and n firms with the low costs. At what level n will profits of the high-cost firm be negative?arrow_forwardConsider two firms that produce the same good and competesetting quantities. The firms face a linear demand curve given by P(Q) =1 − Q, where the Q is the total quantity offered by the firms. The costfunction for each of the firms is c(qi) = cqi, where 0 < c < 1 and qiis the quantity offered by the firm i = 1, 2. Find the Nash equilibriumoutput choices of the firms, as well as the total output and the price, andcalculate the output and the welfare loss compared to the competitiveoutcome. How would the answer change if the firms compete settingprices? What can we conclude about the relationship between competitionand the number of firms?arrow_forward
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