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(a)
Interpretation:
To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving
Concept introduction:
Esterificationis the process in which
(b)
Interpretation:
To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving
Concept introduction:
Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- (1) For the following S-containing organic compounds, draw its structures and give its IUPAC and common name. a. Propyl mercaptan b. Isobutyl mercaptan c. I-Butanethiol d. 2-Propanethiol e. Methyl mercaptan f. sec-Butyl mercaptan g. 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol h. 1-Pentanethiolarrow_forward2. Check the reaction given below. Benzoic acid is synthesized from benzene. Suggest a synthetic route from benzene to benzoic acid with the reactions you learn in electrophillic aromatc substitution reactions. PS: This is not a one step reaction !!! .COOH 3. You all know the carbonyl structure. It is carbon atom double bonded to the oxygen atom. a. Draw the dipol moment of the carbonyl structure. b. Here are two different carbonyl bearing molecules. With the knowledge you learned so far explain which one is more stable and why? CH3 H3C H3C b. а. 4. Is it possible to achieve this reaction directly? Explain your reasons. *CH3arrow_forwardWhich or which of the statements given below is correct. I) Maleic anhydride is a carboxylic acid derivative and its reaction with water is a reduction reaction. II) Fumaric acid and maleic acid are stereoisomers of each other III) Since fumaric acid has a more stable structure than maleic acid, its boiling point is higher. A. Solo I B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II, III E. Solo IIIarrow_forward
- Draw the structure(s) of the major organic product(s) of the following reaction. 1. KMno, / aq. NaOH H. 2. aqueous H,S0. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate multiple products using the + sign from the drop-down menu. C opy aste C. [F ChemDoodlearrow_forward2. A benzene ring alters the reactivity of a neighboring group in the so-called "benzylic" position, similarly to how a double bond alters the reactivity of groups in the "allylic" position. R .R allylic position benzylic position Benzylic cations, anions, and radicals are all more stable than simple alkyl intermediates. a) Use resonance structures to show the delocalization of the positive charge, negative charge, and unpaired electron of the benzyl cation, anion, and radical.arrow_forward2. Complete the following electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions for the monosubstituted benzenes, Providing major product(s) only. (Hint: start with identifying the effect of substituent, then figuring out the structure of product) b. C. d. 1. 9₁ ,NO Br CO₂H B1₂ FoBra SO, H₂SO4 EICI AICI Cl₂ FeCl HNO3 H₂SO4 CI Br₂ CH₂COOH 1. SnCl, HyO* 2. H₂O AICI3arrow_forward
- Kindly answer the following questions below. You may use illustration to help explain your answer a. Illustrate and explain the difference between Markovnikov and Anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to alkene. b. Explain why catalytic hydrogenation of alkene proceeds via syn addition c. Explain, using resonance structures, why an OH group of phenol is an ortho/para director.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? a. Alkene reaction always results into a mixture of products because both carbons in the double bond have equal chances of being used for binding. b. Only the more stable carbon is used for binding the nucleophile in alkene/alkyne reactions.(HA) c. A mixture of addition product is always formed with internal alkenes. d. None of the abovearrow_forward7. For the following acid-base reaction, what statement is correct? A. B. C. CH₂FCH₂COOH + CH3CHFCOONa Acid Base فلات 11/22 ACHIC strong acid CH₂FCH₂COONa + CH3CHFCOOH C.B са CH₂FCH₂COOH is acid and left side of the equation is favored at equilibrium CH₂FCH₂COOH is conjugate acid and right side of the equation is favored at equilibrium Ht Acid -> Donate Base -> Accept Ht CH3CHFCOOH is acid and left side of the equation is favored at equilibrium CH3CHFCOOH is conjugate acid and right side of the equation is favored at equilibrium 28. 35arrow_forward
- A certain compound is known to contain an aromatic benzene ring but failed to produce a fragrant yellow solution upon subjecting it to the nitration test. What may be a possible explanation for this? A. The benzene ring is part of a highly conjugated, blue dye molecule. B. The benzene ring contains a strong electron-withdrawing group. C. The benzene ring has no available sites left for electrophilic attack. D. All of the given. Kindly explain your answer in detail.arrow_forward2. Which of the following alkynes will form only 1 product in acid-catalyzed hydration? a. 2-pentyne b. 3-hexyne c. 3-pentyne d. 1-hexyne 3. Which of the following statements best describes the general reactivity of alkynes? a. An alkyne reacts as an electrophile and is, therefore, electron poor. b. Alkynes undergo electrophilic addition reactions just like alkenes. c. An alkyne reacts as an electrophile and is therefore electron-rich. d. An alkyne reacts as a nucleophile and is therefore electron-poor.arrow_forwardgeraniol OH Reagents a. SOCI₂ b. CH3COCI C. CH₂(CO₂Et)2, CH3CH₂O* Na* d. H3O*, heat e. CH3COCH₂CO₂Et, CH3CH₂O Na* f. CH3CH₂OH geranylacetone Select reagents from the table to carry out this conversion. Enter your answer as a string of letters without spaces or punctuation, i.e. ace.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
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