Principles of Instrumental Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337468039
Author: Skoog
Publisher: Cengage
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 16.7QAP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of vibrational modes and IR absorption bands of sulfur dioxide molecule should be determined.
Concept introduction:
When the atom of a molecule moves, there is translation and rotation in the molecule. The uncertainty principle of Heisenberg states that the atoms of the molecule are in the continuous motion. The modes of vibrations may be IR or Raman active.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a.) The absorptions in IR are attributed to transitions between rotational energy levels of the molecules.
b.) The UV spectrum provides information about the valence electrons.
c.) UV absorptions are attributed to electronic transitions.
d.) NMR spectrometers use radio frequency energy
Rank the following bonds in terms of their expected vibrational frequencies
F-H, C-H, O-H, N-H
Practice chemistry question
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
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- Calculate the number of possible vibrational modes for each of the following molecules and assign frequency ranges to each. i) NH3 ii) C2H4 iii) CCl2F2 iv) CH3CH2OH b) Which of the above molecules will absorb IR radiations most strongly? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardExplain why a molecule with no dipole moment is microwave inactive but may show an infrared spectrum.Which of the following molecules may show infrared absorption spectra and, in each case, briefly explain why this is so: (i) H2, (ii) HCl, (iii) CO2 , and (iv) H2O?arrow_forwardIndicate whether each statement is true or false. The larger the number of atoms in a molecule, the more degrees of freedom of rotational and vibrational motion it likely has.arrow_forward
- Draw an energy level diagram (E vs. R) featuring a ground electronic state and two excited electronic states, one of which is bonding and one antibonding. Also clearly show vibrational and rotational energy levels. Explain what R is.arrow_forward6) This question is concerned with vibrational spectra (Infrared and Raman). a) How many normal modes of vibration are expected in these molecules? (Show calculations) i) Theobromine (the caffeine-like stimulant that is found in chocolate) b) In the molecular vibration shown here for trans-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, both chlorine atoms stretch away from the carbon to which they are bonded (arrows). Will this mode be IR active? Will this mode be Raman active? In each case, why or why not? ii) Cyanopolyyne (an organic molecular wire that has been detected spectroscopically in interstellar space, and is postulated to be a precursor to biomolecules: HC=C-C=C-C=N c) Why are CH4 and CO₂ considered greenhouse gases, but O₂ and N₂ are not? d) Are the vibrations shown here a degenerate pair (Yes/No)? Why or why not? HN CI CH3 ci↑ ∙H -F CH3 -Farrow_forwardhow would you answer this question? this is a non graded practicearrow_forward
- 2. Molecules absorb IR radiation consistent with vibrational energy and rotational energy. Which of these is present in condensed phases (liquid, solution, solid)?arrow_forwardDescribe the essential features in the infrared spectrum for this compoundarrow_forwardConsider a diatomic heteroatomic molecule AB. How many peaks does the microwave spectrum show and how many does the infrared spectrum show at room temperature? Reason briefly and adequately.arrow_forward
- The harmonic oscillator model is a good approximation of atomic stretching. (1) Use an energy level diagram to explain typical vibration absorbance observed in IR spectroscopy.arrow_forwardHow can Bond breaking be quantified ?arrow_forwardThe highest occupied molecular orbital of a molecule isabbreviated as the HOMO. The lowest unoccupied molecularorbital in a molecule is called the LUMO. Experimentally,one can measure the difference in energy betweenthe HOMO and LUMO by taking the electronic absorption(UV-visible) spectrum of the molecule. Peaks in theelectronic absorption spectrum can be labeled as p2p9p2p*,s2s9s2s*, and so on, corresponding to electrons being promotedfrom one orbital to another. The HOMO-LUMO transitioncorresponds to molecules going from their groundstate to their first excited state. (a) Write out the molecularorbital valence electron configurations for the ground stateand first excited state for N2. (b) Is N2 paramagnetic or diamagneticin its first excited state? (c) The electronic absorptionspectrum of the N2 molecule has the lowest energypeak at 170 nm. To what orbital transition does this correspond?(d) Calculate the energy of the HOMO-LUMO transitionin part (a) in terms of kJ/mol. (e) Is the…arrow_forward
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