Concept explainers
Case Summary
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) causes dilation of the pupil of eye after seeing a pleasurable object.
Adequate Information:
The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system, which controls and coordinates the activities of the organs. The nerve cells of the ANS are attached to the smooth muscles of the organ.
To determine:
The part of the ANS causes dilation of the pupil and the nerve pathway involved in this.
Given Information:
ANS has two important divisions’ sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which help in regulating the activity of specific structures. They are present on the preganglionic neuron of the CNS and autonomic ganglia of the PNS. The sympathetic axons travel through the sympathetic chain ganglia to their target cell.
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SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
- In terms of neurotransmitters and receptors, explain why the two divisions of the ANS can have contrasting effects on the same organs?arrow_forwardWhat are the functions of the ANS?arrow_forwardFill in the blankes. The ANS receives input from___________ located in the blood vessels visceral organs, and muscles in order to monitor the internal environment.arrow_forward
- Explain why the sympathetic division is also called thethoracolumbar division even though its paravertebral ganglia extend all the way from the cervical to the sacral region.arrow_forwardDescribe the sympathetic pathways to the (a) submandibular salivary gland, (b) bladder, (c) sweat glands in the skin, (d) adrenal medulla, (e) heart, (f) stomach.arrow_forwardSome individuals, following a very stressful event such as final exams, frequently come down with colds. Is there any relationship between the ANS, stress and the onset of an illnessarrow_forward
- Maintaining a resting level of ANS activity in a cell is called a. autonomic tone. b. cooperative effect. c. dual innervation. d. antagonistic effect.arrow_forwardif a person were in car accident, what division of the autonomic nervous system would be activatedarrow_forwardHorner’s syndrome is a condition that presents with changes in one eye, such as pupillary constriction and dropping of eyelids, as well as decreased sweating in the face. Why could a tumor in the thoracic cavity have an effect on these autonomic functions?arrow_forward
- There are 2 neurons in the ANS pathway – a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron. Describe each neuron (short or long) and what neurotransmitter is released from each neuron. Describe the neurons for each division of the ANS: (short description, NOT essay )arrow_forwardExplain opposite effects, cooperative effects, andgeneral versus localized effects for the ANS.arrow_forwardAlcohol intoxication can produce slurred speech. Howis this related to cerebellar function?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning