The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin. Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators . Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The ways in which paracrine signal molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus and thus preventing it from straying too far from their points of origin.

Concept introduction: In paracrine signaling, the effector molecules do not enter the blood stream like the endocrine signaling, rather these molecules disseminate through the extracellular matrix and remain locally in the neighborhood of cells which secreted them and hence they are also known as local mediators. Paracrine signaling is involved in the regulation of inflammation with immune cells at the site of infection, controlling rapid, progressive cell division in wound healing and several cell signaling mechanisms involved in embryo development.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The various ways in which the paracrine effector molecules can be maintained as a local stimulus are shown below:

The effector molecules can have a short half-life period, so they do not cause effect for prolonged time.
The effector molecules can be degraded using enzymes in the extracellular matrix if they drift away from the point of origin cell.
The effector molecules can also be made to attach to the extracellular matrix proteins until they bind to their receptor.
The effector molecules can be taken up quickly by the neighboring cells to initiate the cascade mechanisms