The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP 3 opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself. Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP 3 then opens the Ca 2+ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca 2+ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 21Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences of ryanodine calcium channels present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike IP₃ opened channels, these are opened by the binding of calcium itself.

Concept introduction: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of endoplasmic reticulum found in the muscle cells. They have more number of calcium channels than normal. PL C cleaves the phosphatidyl inositol to generate secondary messengers: inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP₃then opens the Ca²⁺ ion channels present on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).The above is the case of normal ER. In the case of muscle cells where troponin is present, there is a requirement of higher amount of Ca²⁺ ions, as it has high affinity for it and large number of calcium ions are required for muscle contraction signaling. So, a special type of calcium channel called ryanodine channel is present. Ryanodine channel is opened by the presence of calcium ions itself.

Answer 8

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Ch. 16 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 10Q

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