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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- Below is a portion of an exon from a gene that encodes protein X in the genome of the plant Arabidopsis. Wildtype DNA3’ TTC AAT GCT CCG AAT ACC 5’ template strand5’ AAG TTA CGA GGC TTA TGG 3’ non-template strand A new strain (Strain B) of Arabidopsis is identified with the same region of the gene coding for protein X: 3’ TTC AAT GCT CCC AAT ACC 5’ template strand5’ AAG TTA CGA GGG TTA TGG 3’ non-template strand Compare the two DNA sequences and look for any differences. Based on what you find a. There is no mutation in Strain B compared to Strain A. b. After the point of the mutation, all the amino acids encoded by the Strain B template will be different than the Strain A protein X. c. Protein X made from the Strain B template will be much shorter than protein X made from the Strain A template d. Protein X from Strain B will have one amino acid difference that would not affect protein function. e. There is a mutation but there will not be any difference in the…arrow_forwardIf you wanted to express a library of human proteins in yeast, there are several good reasons why it would be better to use a cDNA library instead of a genomic library from humans. Which one of the following options is not such a reason? a. yeast may not initiate transcription or splicing of a human gene at the correct locations b. some genes will have very high representation (many plasmids contain the gene), while others will have very low representation (few or no plasmids contain the gene) in the cDNA library c. most genomic library clones would be useless, because only ~1.5% of the human genome actually encodes proteins d. a cDNA library can contain multiple splice variants, which are common for human genes e. introns are often very large in the human genome, making it impossible in many cases to contain a genomic version of an entire gene in a single plasmidarrow_forwardGene expression can be disrupted by techniques such as homologous recombination and RNA interference. What is the functional difference between these two methods in terms of the ultimate effect on gene expression? Why might homologous recombination or an alternative genome-editing method (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) be preferred over RNA interference?arrow_forward
- the forward primer used in this experiment incorporates part of the cell recognition site, GGCC. How is this different from the sequence of the human TAS2R38 gene? What characteristic of this PCR reaction allows the primer sequence to override the natural gene sequence? Draw a diagram to support your contention.arrow_forwardIn gene targeting, homologous recombination between thebacterial chromosome and a linear _______- construct synthesized in vitro can generate a null mutation in any gene.arrow_forwardThere is a hypothetical gene related to the nervous system of Drosophila. Describe all the methods, steps, and key substances you need to obtain to use the following techniques in experimental design to study the gene: - In situ hybridization (to find the mRNA) - Immunohistochemistry (to find the protein) - CRISPR-Cas9 (for loss of function) - Expression vector (for gain of function)arrow_forward
- Scientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal pancreatic cells to that of cancer cells from a person with pancreatic cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Less p53 activity is found in cancer pancreatic cells than normal cells. What color would the spot for the p53 gene be on the microarray? Red Green Yellow Blackarrow_forwardScientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal liver cells to that of cancer cells from a person with liver cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Normal liver cells =Green Cancer cells =Red The DNA in that spot is the same in cancer cells and normal cells =Yellow Question: Gene alpha is turned on in all liver cells. In the cancer sample there is a nonsense mutation in this gene such that the protein terminates translation early but transcription is unaffected. What color is the alpha gene spot on the microarray? Answer: Yellow please explain why is the answer yellow?arrow_forwardIt is possible to take the DNA of a gene from any source and place it on a chromosome in the nucleus of a yeast cell. When you take DNA of a human gene and put it into a yeast cell chromosome, the yeast cell can synthesize the human protein. However, when you remove the DNA for a gene normally present on yeast mitochondrial chromosomes and put it on a yeast chromosome in the nucleus, the yeast cell cannot synthesize the correct protein, even though the gene comes from the same organism. Explain. What would you need to do to ensure that such a yeast cell could make the correct protein?arrow_forward
- . You are interested in a eukaryotic protein involved in immunity, and you are attempting to express this protein in E. coli in order to produce large amounts of the protein. You have identified the gene and place a copy of the gene on a plasmid in E. coli next to a bacterial promoter sequence. You determine that lots of mRNA is made from your gene in your E. coli system, but the protein produced is larger and doesn't have the same properties as the eukaryotic protein you expected. What mistake have you made and how can you fix it?arrow_forwardDescribe the difference between a transcriptional fusion and a translational reporter gene fusion. What sequences should you include in each? What types of information can be garnered from their analyses? Please include annotated pictures of the reporter gene expression patterns.arrow_forwardWhat advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.arrow_forward
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