Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 2P
The following statement occurs early in this chapter: “……a crucial step in the regulation of many bacterial genes is the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA at the promoter.” Why might it be advantageous for bacteria to regulate the expression of their genes at this particular step?
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The following statement occurs early in this chapter:“. . . a crucial step in the regulation of many bacterialgenes is the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA atthe promoter.” Why might it be advantageous forbacteria to regulate the expression of their genesat this particular step?
Describe how the components of the trp operon system are affected by a mutation in trpC?
Why is it that once enviornmental tryptophan is inserted into the cell, only the trp repressor is activated (turned on)?
A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the rho subunit. At high temperatures, rho is not functional. When these bacteria are raised at elevated temperatures, which of the following effects would you expect to see? Explain your reasoning for accepting or rejecting each of these five options.
Q. Transcription does not take place.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 16 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 16 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 16 - The figure at the beginning of this chapter shows...Ch. 16 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 16 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a protein that binds to DNA in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 16 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...
Ch. 16 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...Ch. 16 - Suppose you have six strains of E. coli. One is...Ch. 16 - The previous problem raises some interesting...Ch. 16 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 16 - For each of the following growth conditions, what...Ch. 16 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 16 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 16 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 16 - Cells containing missense mutations in the crp...Ch. 16 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 16 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 16 - In an effort to determine the location of an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - The footprinting experiment described in Fig....Ch. 16 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 16 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 16 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 16 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 29PCh. 16 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 16 - Among the structurally simplest riboswitches are...Ch. 16 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 16 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 16 - In 2005, Frederick Blattner and his colleagues...Ch. 16 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 36PCh. 16 - Prob. 37PCh. 16 - Prob. 38PCh. 16 - Prob. 39PCh. 16 - Prob. 40PCh. 16 - Prob. 41PCh. 16 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 16 - Prob. 43PCh. 16 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...Ch. 16 - Scientists are currently screening a chemical...
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- What are two reasons that a eukaryotic gene (e.g. Green Fluorescent Protein in jellyfish) will not be expressed if it is inserted into a bacterial genome with no alterations? a. Bacterial genes do not contain introns b. Bacterial promoters have different consensus sequences than eukaryotic ones c. Transcription of this gene is affected by the simultaneous processes of transcription and translation d.arrow_forwardA strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the rho subunit. At high temperatures, rho is not functional. When these bacteria are raised at elevated temperatures, which of the following effects would you expect to see? Explain your reasoning for accepting or rejecting each of these five options. a. Transcription does not take place. b. All RNA molecules are shorter than normal. c. All RNA molecules are longer than normal. d. Some RNA molecules are longer than normal. e. RNA is copied from both DNA strands.arrow_forwardThe nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is much larger than a bacterium, and it contains much more DNA. As a consequence, a transcription regulator in a eukaryotic cell must be able to select its specific binding site from amongmany more unrelated sequences than does a transcription regulator in a bacterium. Does this present any special problems for eukaryotic gene regulation?arrow_forward
- Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms: Degradation of mRNA (two ways) Blocking translation Degradation of the proteinarrow_forwardAs discussed in the text, promoters were originally identified as consensus sequences upstream from transcriptional start sites. What additional evidence might support the assignment of these sequences as parts of promoters?arrow_forwardWhat would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a mutant form of the tryptophan repressor that (1) cannot bind to DNA, (2) cannot bind tryptophan, or (3) binds to DNA even in the absence of tryptophan?arrow_forward
- Bacterial DNA containing an operon encoding three enzymes is introduced into chromosomal DNA in yeast (a eukaryote) in such a way that it is properly flanked by a promoter and a transcriptional terminator. The bacterial DNA is transcribed and the RNA correctly processed, but only the protein nearest the promoter is produced. Can you suggest why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA regions is NOT involved in gene expression regulation in eukaryotes? Promoter-proximal elements Promoter Enhancer Operator **Enhancer is incorrectarrow_forwardPlease answer both questions Explain five ways that eukaryotic gene regulation is more complex than bacterial gene regulation? Mutations in the promoter region of the B-globin gene indicate that some areas are more sensitive than others. When mutations occur in consensus sequences(modular elements such as GC box, CAAT box, and TATA box), does transcription usually increase or decrease? Explain.arrow_forward
- A regulatory sequence of eukaryotic DNA that is 10,000 base pairs away from the gene it regulates is mutated. The result is that the gene being regulated is now expressed at a lower rate compared to when this regulatory sequence was not mutated. What would this sequence of DNA best be called? Group of answer choices silencer activator insulator operator enhancerarrow_forwardExplain using leucine zipper motifs as an example, how protein-protein interactions between transcription factors containing such motifs can generate diversity in transcriptional activation. Refer to the recognition of DNA elements in gene promoters to justify your answer. Assume transcription factor A binds to DNA element A’, transcription factor B binds to DNA element B’, and so forth.arrow_forwardOne of the main lessons of this chapter is that several bacterial genes are often transcribed from a single promoter into a large multigene (polycistronic) transcript. The region of DNA containing the set of genes that are cotranscribed, along with all of the regulatory elements that control the expression of these genes, is called an operon. a. Which of the mechanisms in the following list (i-vi) could explain differences in the levels of the mRNAs for different operons? Different promoters might have different DNA sequences Different promoters might be recognized by different types of RNA polymerase The secondary structures of mRNAs might differ which will influence the rate at which they are degraded by ribonucleases. In an operon, some genes are farther away from the promoter than other genes The translational initiation sequences at the beginning of different open reading frames in an operon might result in different efficiencies of translation Proteins encoded by different genes…arrow_forward
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Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license