Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 34P
In 2005, Frederick Blattner and his colleagues found that E. coli cells have a global transcriptional program that helps them forage for better sources of carbon. Many genes, including genes needed for bacterial motility, are turned on in response to poorer carbon sources so that the bacteria can search for better nutrition. You now want to search for genes that regulate this response. How could you use lacZ fusions to try to identify such regulatory genes?
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The amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS).
In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below.
Cell
GFP expression
Wild type
100
GFP1-
50
GFP2-
0
Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how?
This answer should include whether the mutation is (view links for more information):
dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877
in a cis…
The amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS).
In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below.
Cell
GFP expression
Wild type
100
GFP1-
50
GFP2-
0
Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how?
Your answer should include whether the mutation is (see links for more information):
dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877…
Suppose you are studying the regulation of a gene involved in the metabolism of two nutrients, Llamasin and Alpacalon, in bacteria. You are trying to determine if these nutrients act as inducers in their operons. The following data were collected from your experiments. Which of these operons is most similar to the lac operon? Explain.
Nutrient
Levels of nutrient in growth medium
Level of transcription of genes in operon
Llamasin
low
high
high
low
Alpacalon
low
low
high
high
Highlight one in green:
Llamasin Alpacalon
Explanation:
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 16 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 16 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 16 - The figure at the beginning of this chapter shows...Ch. 16 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 16 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a protein that binds to DNA in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 16 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...
Ch. 16 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...Ch. 16 - Suppose you have six strains of E. coli. One is...Ch. 16 - The previous problem raises some interesting...Ch. 16 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 16 - For each of the following growth conditions, what...Ch. 16 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 16 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 16 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 16 - Cells containing missense mutations in the crp...Ch. 16 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 16 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 16 - In an effort to determine the location of an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - The footprinting experiment described in Fig....Ch. 16 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 16 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 16 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 16 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 29PCh. 16 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 16 - Among the structurally simplest riboswitches are...Ch. 16 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 16 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 16 - In 2005, Frederick Blattner and his colleagues...Ch. 16 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 36PCh. 16 - Prob. 37PCh. 16 - Prob. 38PCh. 16 - Prob. 39PCh. 16 - Prob. 40PCh. 16 - Prob. 41PCh. 16 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 16 - Prob. 43PCh. 16 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...Ch. 16 - Scientists are currently screening a chemical...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Rsearcher has discovered that one human promoter is responsible for producing two different proteins (Protein K and Protein B) from the same gene. In Kidney cells it is responsible for the production of Protein K, while in Brain cells it is responsible for the production of Protein B. How are these different proteins being produced from the same gene? Describe the mechanismarrow_forwardWhy is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available? a. Catabolism of lactose in protein transcription needs a lot of energy. b. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve enzymes. c. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve energy. d. The reason is conservation of energy for the enzyme. e. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve lactose.arrow_forwardAn enhancer, located upstream from a gene, has the following sequence: 5′–GTAG–3′ 3′–CATC–5′ This enhancer is orientation-independent. Which of the following sequences also works as an enhancer? A. 5′–CTAC–3′ 3′–GATG–5′ B. 5′–GATG–3′ 3′–CTAC–5′ C. 5′–CATC–3′ 3′–GTAG–5′ C15.arrow_forward
- Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?arrow_forwardIn lac operon, both gene A and gene B undergo a transcription process. Gene B can only undergo transcription in the presence of lactose and in the absence of glucose. The product of gene A is often altered by an inducer. Which of the following is true about genes A and B? Select one: a. Gene A= structural gene; Gene B= regulatory gene b. Gene A= regulatory gene; Gene B= structural gene c. Gene A= promoter gene; Gene B= operator gene d. Gene A= lacZ gene; Gene B= promoter genearrow_forwardWild-type E. coli grow best at 37oC, but can grow efficiently at temperatures up to 42oC. An E. coli strain has a mutation in the gene encoding rho protein that results in a stable protein at 37oC, but this mutant protein ceases to function at 42oC. When bacteria bearing this temperature-sensitive mutation are raised at 42oC, which of the following effects would you expect to see? Explain your reasoning for each of the 5 optionsa. Transcription does not take placeb. All RNA molecules are shorter than normalc. All RNA molecules are longer than normald. Some RNA molecules are longer than normal e. RNA is transcribed from both strandsarrow_forward
- You then make a screen to identify potential mutants (shown as * in the diagram) that are able to constitutively activate Up Late operon in the absence of Red Bull and those that are not able to facilitate E. Coli growth even when fed Red Bull. You find that each class of mutations localize separately to two separate regions. For those mutations that prevent growth even when fed Red Bull are all clustered upstream of the core promoter around -50 bp. For those mutations that are able to constitutively activate the operon in the absence of Red Bull are all located between the coding region of sleep and wings. Further analysis of each DNA sequence shows that the sequence upstream of the promoter binds the protein wings and the region between the coding sequence of sleep and wings binds the protein sleep. When the DNA sequence of each is mutated, the ability to bind DNA is lost. Propose a final method of gene regulation of the Up Lateoperon using an updated drawn figure of the Up Late…arrow_forwardIf the above gene is one of the three structural genes of the lac operon that codes for the protein/ enzyme responsible for breaking lactose into two molecules of simple sugars, what triggers the activation of this gene? a. Absence of Inhibitory protein b. Presence of lactose c. Absence of lactose d. Presence of Inhibitory protein e. Absence of Regulatory proteinarrow_forwardA bidirectional enhancer has the following sequence: 5′–GTCA–3′ 3′–CAGT–5′ Which of the following sequences would also be a functional enhancer? a. 5′–ACTG–3′ 3′–TGAC–5′ b. 5′–TGAC–3′ 3′–ACTG–5′ c. 3′–GTCA–5′ 5′–CAGT–3′ d. 3′–TGAC–5′ 5′–ACTG–3′arrow_forward
- Your friend has discovered that the same human promoter is responsible for producing two different proteins. In Kidney cells it is responsible for the production of protein A while in Brain cells it is responsible for the production of Protein B. Your friend has concluded that this promoter must be controlling two different genes. Do you agree or disagree with your friend's conclusion? Explain why or why not. Be sure to describe the molecular events to support your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following environmental conditions would be MOST likely to result in transcription of the lac operon in an E. colicell? A. low levels of lactose and high levels of glucose B. high levels of lactose and high levels of cyclic AMP C. low levels of lactose and low levels of cyclic AMP D. high levels of lactose and high levels of glucosearrow_forwardIf glucose is not available, but lactose is available from the environment, what is the status of transcription of the lac operon genes? Explain your answer from both an evolutionary perspective and in terms of negative and positive regulation of the operon?arrow_forward
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