Ethics and Standard Costs
Farmer Frank’s produces items from local farm products and distributes them to supermarkets. Over the years, price competition has become increasingly important, so Susan Kramer, the company’s controller, is planning to implement a
Required
Is Margaret’s behavior regarding the cost information she provided to Susan unethical? Explain your answer.
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Fundamentals Of Cost Accounting (6th Edition)
- Quincy Farms is a producer of items made from farm products that are distributed to supermarkets. For many years, Quincys products have had strong regional sales on the basis of brand recognition. However, other companies have been marketing similar products in the area, and price competition has become increasingly important. Doug Gilbert, the companys controller, is planning to implement a standard costing system for Quincy and has gathered considerable information from his coworkers on production and direct materials requirements for Quincys products. Doug believes that the use of standard costing will allow Quincy to improve cost control and make better operating decisions. Quincys most popular product is strawberry jam. The jam is produced in 10-gallon batches, and each batch requires six quarts of good strawberries. The fresh strawberries are sorted by hand before entering the production process. Because of imperfections in the strawberries and spoilage, one quart of strawberries is discarded for every four quarts of acceptable berries. Three minutes is the standard direct labor time required for sorting strawberries in order to obtain one quart of strawberries. The acceptable strawberries are then processed with the other ingredients: processing requires 12 minutes of direct labor time per batch. After processing, the jam is packaged in quart containers. Doug has gathered the following information from Joe Adams, Quincys cost accountant, relative to processing the strawberry jam. a. Quincy purchases strawberries at a cost of 0.80 per quart. All other ingredients cost a total of 0.45 per gallon. b. Direct labor is paid at the rate of 9.00 per hour. c. The total cost of direct material and direct labor required to package the jam is 0.38 per quart. Joe has a friend who owns a strawberry farm that has been losing money in recent years. Because of good crops, there has been an oversupply of strawberries, and prices have dropped to 0.50 per quart. Joe has arranged for Quincy to purchase strawberries from his friends farm in hopes that the 0.80 per quart will put his friends farm in the black. Required: 1. Discuss which coworkers Doug probably consulted to set standards. What factors should Doug consider in establishing the standards for direct materials and direct labor? 2. Develop the standard cost sheet for the prime costs of a 10-gallon batch of strawberry jam. 3. Citing the specific standards of the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice described in Chapter 1, explain why Joes behavior regarding the cost information provided to Doug is unethical. (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardDetermining cost relationships Midst ate Containers Inc. manufactures cans for the canned food industry. The operations manager of a can manufacturing operation wants to conduct a cost study investigating the relationship of tin content in the material (can stock) to the energy cost for enameling the cans. The enameling was necessary to prepare the cans for labeling. A higher percentage of tin content in the can stock increases the cost of material. The operations manager believed that a higher tin content in the can stock would reduce the amount of energy used in enameling. During the analysis period, the amount of tin content in the steel can stock was increased for every month, from April to September. The following operating reports were available from the controller: Differences in materials unit costs were entirely related to the amount of tin content. In addition, inventory changes are negligible and are ignored in the analysis. Interpret this information and report to the operations manager your recommendations with respect to tin content.arrow_forwardOtto Inc. specializes in chicken farming. Chickens are raised, packaged, and sold mostly to grocery chains. Chickens are accounted for in batches of 50,000. At the end of each growing period, the chickens are separated and sold by grades. Grades AA and A are sold to large grocery chains, and B and C are sold to other buyers. For costing purposes, Otto treats each batch of chicks as a joint product. The cost data for a batch of 50,000 chicks follow: Total joint costs for the batch were 125,000. Required: Compute the cost allocations for each product, using the sales value at split-off method. (Round sales value percentages to five decimal places.)arrow_forward
- Product and Customer Profitability Analysis Thermal Rising, Inc., makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months: The company’s direct labor rate is $19.50 per hour. Required: Using the company’s activity-based costing system, compute the customer margin of Big Sky Outfitters.arrow_forwardKeep-Or-Drop Decision, Alternatives, Relevant Costs Reshier Company makes three types of rug shampooers. Model 1 is the basic model rented through hardware stores and supermarkets. Model 2 is a more advanced model with both dry-and wet-vacuuming capabilities. Model 3 is the heavy-duty riding shampooer sold to hotels and convention centers. A segmented income statement is shown below. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Total Sales $235,000 $590,000 $658,500 $1,483,500 Less variable costs of goods sold (91,500) (166,280) (356,000) (613,780) Less commissions (5,700) (40,000) (21,750) (67,450) Contribution margin $137,800 $383,720 $280,750 $802,270 Less common fixed expenses: Fixed factory overhead (385,000) Fixed selling and administrative (307,000) Operating income $110,270 While all models have positive contribution margins, Reshier Company is concerned…arrow_forwardKeep-Or-Drop Decision, Alternatives, Relevant Costs Reshier Company makes three types of rug shampooers. Model 1 is the basic model rented through hardware stores and supermarkets. Model 2 is a more advanced model with both dry-and wet-vacuuming capabilities. Model 3 is the heavy-duty riding shampooer sold to hotels and convention centers. A segmented income statement is shown below. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Total Sales $250,000 $590,000 $619,500 $1,459,500 Less variable costs of goods sold (86,000) (160,560) (332,800) (579,360) Less commissions (5,200) (34,500) (23,750) (63,450) Contribution margin $158,800 $394,940 $262,950 $816,690 Less common fixed expenses: Fixed factory overhead (375,000) Fixed selling and administrative (283,000) Operating income $158,690 While all models have positive contribution margins, Reshier Company is…arrow_forward
- Keep-Or-Drop Decision, Alternatives, Relevant Costs Reshier Company makes three types of rug shampooers. Model 1 is the basic model rented through hardware stores and supermarkets. Model 2 is a more advanced model with both dry-and wet-vacuuming capabilities. Model 3 is the heavy-duty riding shampooer sold to hotels and convention centers. A segmented income statement is shown below. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Total Sales $250,000 $586,000 $607,000 $1,443,000 Less variable costs of goods sold (90,000) (173,760) (334,400) (598,160) Less commissions (5,200) (36,000) (19,250) (60,450) Contribution margin $154,800 $376,240 $253,350 $784,390 Less common fixed expenses: Fixed factory overhead (405,000) Fixed selling and administrative (291,000) Operating income $88,390 While all models have positive contribution margins, Reshier Company is…arrow_forwardKeep-Or-Drop Decision, Alternatives, Relevant Costs Reshier Company makes three types of rug shampooers. Model 1 is the basic model rented through hardware stores and supermarkets. Model 2 is a more advanced model with both dry-and wet-vacuuming capabilities. Model 3 is the heavy-duty riding shampooer sold to hotels and convention centers. A segmented income statement is shown below. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Total Sales $250,000 $586,000 $607,000 $1,443,000 Less variable costs of goods sold (90,000) (173,760) (334,400) (598,160) Less commissions (5,200) (36,000) (19,250) (60,450) Contribution margin $154,800 $376,240 $253,350 $784,390 Less common fixed expenses: Fixed factory overhead (405,000) Fixed selling and administrative (291,000) Operating income $88,390 While all models have positive contribution margins, Reshier Company is…arrow_forwardKeep-Or-Drop Decision, Alternatives, Relevant Costs Reshier Company makes three types of rug shampooers. Model 1 is the basic model rented through hardware stores and supermarkets. Model 2 is a more advanced model with both dry-and wet-vacuuming capabilities. Model 3 is the heavy-duty riding shampooer sold to hotels and convention centers. A segmented income statement is shown below. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Total Sales $230,000 $562,000 $650,500 $1,442,500 Less variable costs of goods sold (88,000) (159,240) (364,400) (611,640) Less commissions (5,400) (39,000) (21,750) (66,150) Contribution margin $136,600 $363,760 $264,350 $764,710 Less common fixed expenses: Fixed factory overhead (400,000) Fixed selling and administrative (299,000) Operating income $65,710 While all models have positive contribution margins, Reshier Company is…arrow_forward
- Activity Cost Drivers and Cost Estimation Market Street Soup Company produces ten varieties of soup in large vats, several thousand gallons at a time. The soup is distributed to several categories of customers. Some soup is packaged in large containers and sold to college and university food services. Some is packaged in half-gallon or small containers and sold through wholesale distributors to grocery stores. Finally, some is packaged in a variety of individual servings and sold directly to the public from trucks owned and operated by Market Street Soup Company. Management has always assumed that cost fluctuated with the volume of soup, and cost-estimating equations have been based on the following cost function: Estimated costs = Fixed costs + Variable costs per gallon x Production in gallons Lately, however, this equation has not been a very accurate predictor of total costs. At the same time, management has noticed that the volumes and varieties of soup sold through the three…arrow_forwardValue engineering, target pricing, and locked-in costs. Sylvan Creations designs, manufactures, and sells modern wood sculptures. Sandra Johnson is an artist for the company. Johnson has spent much of the past month working on the design of an intricate abstract piece. Jim Chase, product development manager, likes the design. However, he wants to make sure that the sculpture can be priced competitively. Ellen Cooper, Sylvan’s cost accountant, presents Chase with the following cost data for the expected production of 75 sculptures:arrow_forwardAnalyze Milkrageous, Inc. Milkrageous, Inc., a large, private dairy products company, is determining cost allocations for performance evaluation purposes. Company bonuses are based on cost containment, so accurate costing numbers are imperative. The general managers (GMs) over the cheese and yogurt divisions are being evaluated. Support department costs include Janitorial ($150,700) and Maintenance ($300,200). The Janitorial costs remain relatively fixed from quarter to quarter. Maintenance costs, however, vary with respect to the number of service calls made each quarter. The joint cost of processing milk before the split-off point for yogurt and cheese is $755,000 for the quarter. Yogurt sells at higher margins than cheese (at split-off as well as after further processing), but is equally difficult to produce as cheese. Regardless of the correct answer to part (e), use the physical units method to allocate joint costs to yogurt and cheese assuming 198,000 pounds of yogurt and 102,000…arrow_forward
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