Chapter 16.5, Problem 16.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product (organic ion) formed in the given reaction should be named.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$ with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

In a quaternary ammonium ion a nitrogen atom with four attached groups is positively charged. And their compounds are known as quaternary ammonium salt.

Reactions of these types of amine with $HX$ can be simply represented as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\mathrm{Pr}imarya\min e}{R-N{H}_2}+HX\to \underset{Alkylammoniumhalide}{R\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_3{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{\mathrm{Sec}ondarya\min e}{R_2-N{H}_{}}+HX\to \underset{Dialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{Tertiarya\min e}{R_3-N}+HX\to \underset{Trialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\end{array}$

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product (organic ion) formed in the given reaction should be named.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$ with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

In a quaternary ammonium ion a nitrogen atom with four attached groups is positively charged. And their compounds are known as quaternary ammonium salt.

Reactions of these types of amine with $HX$ can be simply represented as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\mathrm{Pr}imarya\min e}{R-N{H}_2}+HX\to \underset{Alkylammoniumhalide}{R\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_3{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{\mathrm{Sec}ondarya\min e}{R_2-N{H}_{}}+HX\to \underset{Dialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{Tertiarya\min e}{R_3-N}+HX\to \underset{Trialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\end{array}$

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Aniline is an aromatic amine compound and its structure is,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction should be named.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$ with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

In a quaternary ammonium ion a nitrogen atom with four attached groups is positively charged. And their compounds are known as quaternary ammonium salt.

Reactions of these types of amine with $HX$ can be simply represented as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}\underset{\mathrm{Pr}imarya\min e}{R-N{H}_2}+HX\to \underset{Alkylammoniumhalide}{R\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_3{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{\mathrm{Sec}ondarya\min e}{R_2-N{H}_{}}+HX\to \underset{Dialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\\ \\ \underset{Tertiarya\min e}{R_3-N}+HX\to \underset{Trialkylammoniumhalide}{R_2\stackrel{+}{N}{H}_2{X}^{-}}\end{array}$

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.