Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The effect of a mutation that increases the kinase activity which is linked with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Concept introduction:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect of a mutation that reduces the phosphatase activity which is linked with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Concept introduction:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It converts the pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.
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BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
- . Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physio- logical role of chymotrypsinogen: (a) R15S (b) Cis (c) T147Sarrow_forwardA. Provide a reasonable mechanism for the production of geranyl pyrophosphate from IPP andDMAPPB. How many molecules of IPP and how many molecules of DMAPP would you need to makefarnesyl pyrophosphatearrow_forwardDetermine the specific types of mutations in the gene for the regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) that could lead to either a permanently active PKA or a permanently inactive PKA.arrow_forward
- Phosphorylation can be inactivating or activating. If oxidation of fatty acids is the primary energy supply being used (low insulin, high glucagon), then acetyl COA with rising concentration is being produced independently of PDC. Would PDCK be active or inactive under these conditions? O The kinase will be active The kinase will be inactive Oxidation of fatty acids won't affect PDC O All of the abovearrow_forwardDescribe the effects of The effect on the glucagon response in the liver treated with a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor on glycogen metabolism on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control.arrow_forwardThe pyruvate kinase isozyme in cancerous cells has low activity compared to the isozymes in other tissues. What effect would this have on the cells and how does it promote tumor growth?arrow_forward
- Discuss the glycogen degradation. Give the three enzymes required for this process and their functions.arrow_forwardIdentify if True or False The activated form of glucose that serves as glucose donor for glycogen synthesis is formed by the reaction of UTP and glucose 1-phosphate. True Falsearrow_forwardProtein Phosphatase 1: What overall effect does PP1 have on the storage or breakdown of glycogen? (1 point) How does PPI regulate the activity of its targets? (1 point) Which enzymes are its targets? (2 points) What activates it [hormone (pathway activator) and enzyme (immediate activator)]? (2 points) Hormone: Enzyme:arrow_forward
- 2A. Red blood cells synthesize and degrade 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) by a detour of the glycolytic pathway, as shown below: glyeeraldehyde 3-phosphate GAP dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate bisphosphoglycerate mutase ADP phosphoglycerate kinase 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate (i) The bisphosphoglycerate mutase/2,3-bisphosphoglcerate phosphatase reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme, BPGM. At alkaline pH, BPGM favors the mutase activity while at lower pH, BPGM favors the phosphatase reaction. Use this information, along with the Bohr effect, to explain in the space below how red blood cells respond to a metabolic defect where a patient experiences chronic, elevated levels of lactic acid. I (ii) Individuals with red blood cell phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency suffer from moderate hemolytic anemia (a condition where red blood cells self-destruct before their normal lifespan). They…arrow_forwardHigh [ATP] slows glycolysis and speeds of gluconeogenesis because (check all that apply): Pyruvate kinase is allosterically inhibited by low [ATP] PFK-1 is allosterically inhibited by low [ATP] FBPase-1 is inhibited by high [AMP] FBPase-1 is inhibited by low [AMP] Pyruvate kinase is allosterically inhibited by high [ATP] PFK-1 is allosterically inhibited by high [ATP]arrow_forwardWA 82. Regulation of cellular metabolism by insulin requires activation of the insulin-receptor substrate protein-1 (IRS1). Some individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus have mutations in the IRS1 gene. Which of the following normal steps in insulin signaling is most likely to be impaired by these mutations? A) Cleavage of IRS1 by the insulin receptor B) Phosphorylation of IRS1 by the insulin receptor C) Production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by IRS1 D) Stimulation of a G protein by IRS1 E) Synthesis of diacylglycerol by IRS1arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning